Caring is not always sharing: A scoping review exploring how COVID-19 containment measures have impacted unpaid care work and mental health among women and men in Europe.

Introduction: Unpaid care work is mainly performed by women, whose mental health is more affected by caregiving burden and work-family conflict compared to men. COVID-19 containment measures may have exacerbated existing gender inequalities in both unpaid care work and adverse mental health outcomes. This scoping review provides an overview of recent evidence on the impact of COVID-19 containment measures on unpaid care work and mental health for subgroups of caregivers at the intersection of gender and other social differences (e.

Gendered impact of COVID-19 containment measures on unpaid care work and mental health in Europe: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Women are more likely than men to provide unpaid care work. Previous research has shown that lack of support for various forms of unpaid care work and work-family conflicts have negative impacts on caregivers' mental health, especially among female caregivers. COVID-19 containment measures may exacerbate existing gender inequalities both in terms of unpaid care work and adverse mental health outcomes.

[Fatherhood and Depression: Dealing with Depression in the Family from the Fathers' Perspective - A Qualitative Study].

Objective: Investigation of the experiences of depressed fathers in dealing with their depressive disorder in the family.

Methods: 17 semi-structured narrative interviews were conducted and analyzed following a Grounded Theory Approach.

Results: Fathers describe individual coping strategies in dealing with their depressive disorder that aim at independently coping from their family (self-management, [non])disclosure of the disorder).

Costs of Health Service Use among Unemployed and Underemployed People with Mental Health Problems.

Background: Unemployment is associated with a high risk of experiencing mental illness. This can lead to stigmatisation, reduced quality of life, and long-term costs like increased healthcare expenditure and productivity losses for society as a whole. Previous research indicates evidence for an association between unemployment and higher mental health service costs, but there is insufficient information available for the German healthcare system.

Masculinity and Help-Seeking Among Men With Depression: A Qualitative Study.

Many studies indicate that men are more reluctant to seek help for mental health problems than women. Traditional ideas of masculinity are often seen as a cause of this phenomenon. However, little is known about the diversity of experiences during the processes of help-seeking and service use among men with depression who have already utilized mental health services.

[Men with Depression and Inpatient Mental Health Treatment: Professionals' Perspectives on Treatment Needs and Aims].

Objective: To meet mental health needs in men with depression, gender sensitive services are needed and recommended. Therefore, mental health professionals' views on care needs among men with depression that should be met by gender-sensitive services were assessed and consequences for inpatient treatment are considered.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 mental health professionals focusing on men's specific needs in depression treatment against the background of male gender role expectations.

Masculinity norms and occupational role orientations in men treated for depression.

Purpose: A traditional male role orientation is considered to increase the risk of depression and preventing men from disclosing symptoms of mental illness and seeking professional help. Less is known about the variance of masculinity orientations in men already treated for depression and their role in the treatment process. In this study, patterns of masculinity norms and work role orientations will be identified among men treated for depression.

[Men and Depression: Illness Theories and Coping - A Biographical Narrative Study].

Objective: In order to develop gender-sensitive services, there is a need to better understand coping among men with depression. The study aims to analyze the meaning of gender- and work-related roles for illness theories and coping among men with depression.

Methods: Based on a latent class analysis of three types of masculinities, biographical interviews were conducted with men with depression (n = 12).

Predictors of help-seeking in unemployed people with mental health problems.

Background: Unemployment and mental ill health often contribute to each other and lead to social exclusion with negative consequences for individuals and society. Yet, unemployed people with mental health problems often do not seek care.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess predictors of help-seeking among unemployed people with mental health problems.

Efficacy of a peer-led group program for unemployed people with mental health problems: Pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: People with long-term unemployment and mental health problems often find it difficult to take active steps toward help-seeking and job search and to navigate the complex system of available services. Likewise, job center staff would welcome interventions to improve the reintegration of long-term unemployed individuals with mental health problems into the labor market.

Aim: To examine the efficacy of a peer-led group program that supports unemployed people with mental health problems in terms of help-seeking, job search and recovery.

Mental health literacy and help-seeking among unemployed people with mental health problems.

Unemployed people with mental health problems often do not use available mental health services. Help-seeking may depend on knowledge, recognition and attitudes associated with mental health - a concept referred to as mental health literacy (MHL). To investigate the influence of MHL on help-seeking intentions and behaviors among unemployed individuals with mental health problems.

Disclosure and Quality of Life Among Unemployed Individuals With Mental Health Problems: A Longitudinal Study.

Unemployment and mental disorders are associated with impaired quality of life. Because of the stigma associated with mental illness, unemployed individuals with mental health problems face the difficult decision whether to disclose their condition to others. Disclosure has both risks and benefits, and it is unclear how it affects quality of life.

Causal attributions and secrecy in unemployed people with mental health problems.

Many people with mental illness struggle with stigma. Secrecy is one coping mechanism to deal with mental illness stigma but has some major pitfalls. In this study with 301 unemployed persons with mental health problems, we assessed whether disease concepts are associated with secrecy.

Effectiveness of interventions to promote help-seeking for mental health problems: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Help-seeking is important to access appropriate care and improve mental health. However, individuals often delay or avoid seeking help for mental health problems. Interventions to improve help-seeking have been developed, but their effectiveness is unclear.

Intersections of discrimination due to unemployment and mental health problems: the role of double stigma for job- and help-seeking behaviors.

Purpose: The everyday lives of unemployed people with mental health problems can be affected by multiple discrimination, but studies about double stigma-an overlap of identities and experiences of discrimination-in this group are lacking. We therefore studied multiple discrimination among unemployed people with mental health problems and its consequences for job- and help-seeking behaviors.

Methods: Everyday discrimination and attributions of discrimination to unemployment and/or to mental health problems were examined among 301 unemployed individuals with mental health problems.

Attitudes Toward Disclosing a Mental Health Problem and Reemployment: A Longitudinal Study.

Despite low unemployment rates, individuals with mental health problems often struggle to gain reemployment. Many face the decision whether to disclose their mental illness to employers. This study therefore examined the role of disclosure attitudes for reemployment over time.

Barriers and facilitators of help-seeking among unemployed persons with mental health problems: a qualitative study.

Background: Unemployed people with mental health problems often do not use mental health services and therefore do not benefit from available therapies. As unemployed individuals outside the healthcare system are a hard-to-reach group, barriers to and facilitators of mental health service use are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to and facilitators of help-seeking and service use based on experiences of unemployed people with mental health problems.