Using Immunohistochemistry Without Linkers to Determine the Optimum Concentrations of Primary Antibodies for Immunofluorescence Staining of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

The use of immunofluorescence (IF) technique to detect and evaluate expression levels and localization of cellular proteins and other antigens of interest through the antibodies in their cellular or tissue context has become a standard approach among researchers. Optimizing primary antibody concentrations/dilutions is an essential step in the fluorescent antibody staining protocol. The steps in IF staining are similar to those of the immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique.