Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Ceftazidime/Avibactam in Clinical Isolates of and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Latin American Hospitals.

Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is the combination of a third-generation cephalosporin and a new non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor capable of inactivating class A, C, and some D β-lactamases. From a collection of 2,727 clinical isolates of ( 2,235) and P. aeruginosa ( 492) that were collected between 2016 and 2017 from five Latin American countries, we investigated the molecular resistance mechanisms to CZA of 127 (18/2,235 [0.

Isolation of Hafnia paralvei co-harbouring bla and bla in a woman who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) are a threat to public health, since they dramatically limit the use of β-lactams. We report the isolation of a multidrug-resistant Hafnia paralvei strain from urine and a rectal swab of a female patient after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing yielded resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, colistin, fosfomycin and all β-lactams, except cefiderocol.

Impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs on antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance in four Colombian healthcare institutions.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have become a fundamental pillar in optimizing antimicrobial usage, improving patient care, and reducing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Herein we evaluated the impact of an ASP on antimicrobial consumption and AMR in Colombia.

Methods: We designed a retrospective observational study and measured trends in antibiotic consumption and AMR before and after the implementation of an ASP using interrupted time series analysis over a 4-year period (24 months before and 24 months after ASP implementation).

Molecular Analysis of Polymyxin Resistance among Carbapenemase-Producing in Colombia.

Polymyxin resistance in has been attributed to mutations in , , , and and to the presence of plasmid-mediated genes. Herein, we describe the molecular characteristics of 24 polymyxin- and carbapenem-resistant isolates recovered from six Colombian cities between 2009 and 2019. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to polymyxin were confirmed by broth microdilution, and whole-genome sequencing was performed to determine sequence type, resistome, and mutations in the genes related to polymyxin resistance, as well the presence of .

Genomic Analysis of CTX-M-Group-1-Producing Extraintestinal Pathogenic (ExPEc) from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) from Colombia.

Background: The dissemination of the uropathogenic O25b-ST131 clone constitutes a threat to public health. We aimed to determine the circulation of strains belonging to O25b:H4-B2-ST131 and the 30-Rx epidemic subclone causing hospital and community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) in Colombia.

Methods: Twenty-six nonduplicate, CTX-M group-1-producing isolates causing UTI in the hospital and community were selected for this study.

Update on the epidemiology of carbapenemases in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Introduction: Carbapenemases are β-lactamases able to hydrolyze a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems. Carbapenemase production in and spp., with and without the co-expression of other β-lactamases is a serious public health threat.

Evaluation of Allplex™ Entero-DR assay for detection of antimicrobial resistance determinants from bacterial cultures.

Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Allplex™ Entero-DR, a quantitative PCR-based method, for the detection of β-lactamase-encoding genes and vancomycin-resistance determinants in 156 previously characterized Gram-negative bacilli and Enterococcus spp. from bacterial cultures.

Result: The method had 100% sensitivity and between 92 and 100% of specificity for identifying bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla and vanA.

In Vitro Susceptibility to Ceftazidime/Avibactam and Comparators in Clinical Isolates of Enterobacterales from Five Latin American Countries.

: High rates of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems in Enterobacterales have been reported in Latin America. Ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) is the combination of a third-generation cephalosporin and a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, which has shown activity against isolates producing class A, C and D β-lactamases. Herein, we evaluated the activity of CZA and comparators against clinical isolates of Enterobacterales in Latin America.

Performance of disk diffusion and broth microdilution for fosfomycin susceptibility testing of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of clinical isolates of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to fosfomycin and to determine the concordance of disk diffusion (DD) and broth microdilution (BMD) with agar dilution (AD) for fosfomycin susceptibility testing.

Methods: The activity of fosfomycin against 225 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 64), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 68), Enterobacter spp. (n = 28) and P.