Changing patterns of genital herpes.

Isolation rates for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, recovered from oral and genital specimens submitted to the National Health Institute by clinicians within the Wellington region, were compared for two time-periods, 1971 to 1973 and 1981 to 1982 inclusive. The proportion of type 1 isolates from genital sites has increased from 4% to 11%, while conversely the proportion of type 2 isolates from oral sites has increased from 6% to 24%. Possible explanations for these trends are considered and the clinical and epidemiologic significance of this changing pattern is briefly discussed.

Midtrimester thyroidectomy in the ovine fetus.

Six lamb fetuses at 63-101 days gestation had thyroidectomy (Thx) and were investigated at term for weights, radiologic study, serum thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations (TSH), electron-microscopic lung examination, acid base, blood flow, EEG, and brain metabolism. Compared to age-matched controls, body weight was significantly reduced (P less than .025).

Effect of magnesium sulfate on maternal and fetal hemodynamics and fetal brain function and metabolism.

The hemodynamic effects, brain function, and metabolism of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) were studied in seven fetal sheep experiments at 139 +/- 1.3 SE days of gestation. MgSO4 was intravenously infused to six gross-bred pregnant ewes at a rate of 4 gm/4 minutes as a loading dose, and 1.

The effects of diazoxide upon fetal and maternal hemodynamics and fetal brain function and metabolism.

The effects of maternal infusion of Diazoxide (D) were evaluated in two groups of experiments: Nine ewes and their five nonhypoxic fetuses; the remaining four fetuses were excluded because of the development of hypoxia prior to the study. D was directly administered intravenously (IV) to the six fetuses. In group 1 maternal and fetal observations were made at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 45 minutes.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae isolates in Wellington hospital.

103 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated during June to October 1980 were tested for susceptibility to seven antimicrobials using the Dynatech MIC 2000 system. Six strains (5.8 percent) were resistant to ampicillin (one type b, five untypable) and all of these produced beta-lactamase.

Comparison of nitroprusside and nitroglycerine for controlling hypertension during coronary artery surgery.

The haemodynamic effects of infusing sodium nitroprusside or trinitroglycerine to control hypertension during operation were compared in 22 patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Measurements were taken before induction of anaesthesia, during median sternotomy, and upon attainment of a stable decrease in arterial pressure. Both drugs significantly decreased arterial pressure without affecting heart rate or cardiac output.

Cardiovascular and hematologic effects of diphenylhydantoin in maternal and fetal sheep.

Anticonvulsant therapy often includes diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) and is usually advocated during the pregnancy of an epileptic woman. The cardiovascular and hematologic effects of diphenylhydantoin (5 mg/kg body weight/5 min) were studied in 12 experiments on 5 ewes and their fetuses in which catheters were chronically implanted and an electromagnetic flow probe was continually around the uterine artery. Slight but significant transient decreases in fetal blood pressure (P less than .

Effects of isoxsuprine on maternal and fetal acid-base balance and circulation.

Prematurity is a large contributing factor to neonatal morbidity. An obstetric alternative to premature labor is administration of isoxsuprine, an effective inhibitor of uterine contractions. Six crossbred unanesthetized pregnant ewes were used to determine the effects on fetal and maternal cardiovascular and acid-base status of 10 maternal intravenous infusions of 30 mg isoxsuprine over 30 minutes (1 mg/min).

Effect of nicotine sulfate on the hemodynamics and acid base balance of chronically instrumented pregnant sheep.

The maternal and fetal effects of nicotine sulfate (15 mg/10 min) upon the hemodynamics and acid-base balance were evaluated in 9 intravenous infusions to 5 chronically instrumented pregnant sheep preparations of 97-117 days of gestation. Experiments were performed from 2 to 11 days postoperatively. Maternal (n = 9) and fetal (n = 8) arterial blood samples were simultaneously drawn at 0, 10, 30 and 60 min from the start of infusion.

The effects of terbutaline on the acid base balance and circulation of chronically instrumented pregnant sheep.

Terbutaline is considered an effective beta agonist with beta 2 character, for the inhibiton of labor. Its safety was evaluated in twelve infusions of 1,500 micrograms over 30 min, to 8 'steady state' pregnant sheep of 110--134 days of gestation. Experimentation was performed at least 4 days postoperatively.

Terbutaline-induced changes in ovine, fetal and maternal hemodynamics, and fetal electroencephalogram.

Terbutaline has been used in obstetrics to treat premature labor. Its effect was studied in six ewes and their fetuses at gestational ages of 140 +/- 0.5 days (term approximately 147 days).

Effect of dexamethasone on the synthesis of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine.

Glucocorticoids are known to enhance surfactant production by stimulating the formation of phosphatidylcholine. This study was performed to determine the effect of steroids on one of the pathways involved in the incorporation of palmitic acid into phosphatidylcholine--the 'deacylation-reacylation pathway'. Palmitoyl CoA synthetase, lysopalmitoyl cholineacyltransferase and phospholipase A2 were enhanced significantly as a result of direct administration of dexamethasone into 27-day fetal rabbits.

Effect of aminophylline on the synthesis of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline in fetal rabbit lung.

Aminophylline (A) administration to pregnant rabbits resulted in accelerated formation of phospholipids, the known important components of pulmonary surfactant [1]. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of A on one of the pathways involved in the incorporation of palmitic acid into phosphatidyl choline (PC)--the "deacylation-reacylation pathway." A was injected intraperitoneally into rabbit fetuses at 27 days of gestation and its effect on palmitoyl CoA synthetase (PCS) and lysopalmitoyl choline acyl transferase (LPC-AT) were studied.

The effects of scopolamine and ancillary analgesics upon the fetal heart rate recording.

Sixty-two fetal heart rate/uterine contraction recordings were examined prior to and following the administration of analgesia. Two groups, identified according to the receipt or absence of scopolamine, were evaluated concerning modification of baseline variability, beat-to-beat variability and fetal heart rate deceleration patterns. Scopolamine was found to be capable of eliciting fetal tachycardia, decreased beat-to-beat and baseline variability and decreased fetal heart rate decelerations.

Flight Activity Initiated via Giant Interneurons of the Cockroach: Evidence for Bifunctional Trigger Interneurons.

Activity in dorsal giant interneurons of the cockroach initiates flight movements if leg contact with a substrate is prevented. The same interneurons initiate activity associated with running when leg contact is maintained. Thus, which one of two completely different behaviors the giant interneurons evoke depends on the presence or absence of leg contact.

Studies of circulation and acid-base balance in pregnant sheep: II. The effect of magnesium sulfate infusion.

Ten infusions of magnesium sulfate, in clinical doses for toxemia therapy, were administered to seven chronically catheterized ewes at 109-126 days' gestation. Maternal and fetal Mg++ concentrations in arterial serum indicated hindered placental passage. A significant decrease in maternal arterial oxygen pressure and hemoglobin was seen at 15 minutes.

Studies of circulation and acid-base balance in pregnant sheep: I. The effect of aminophylline infusion.

The maternal and fetal effects of aminophylline on hemodynamics and acid-base and blood gas balances were evaluated by 11 infusions to four chronically catheterized sheep at 114-142 days' gestation. Maternal and fetal arterial blood samples were drawn for baseline determination at 15-minute intervals. Mean maternal and fetal pH levels and heart rates increased significantly.

Effects of ethanol on the circulation and acid-base balance of pregnant sheep.

Nine infusions of 15 cc/kg/120 min of 9.5% ethanol were administered to 4 chronically catheterized ewes, at 109-135 days' gestation. Stabilization periods ranged from 6 to 28 days postoperatively.

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. Clinical experience.

From March 1975 until September 1978, seventy patients were referred for intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation for cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction or for the treatment of low cardiac output states following cardiopulmonary bypass. Sixty of these received adequate intra-aortic balloon pump assistance; fifty-two ped successfully off the balloon pump. Twenty-three patients survived to leave hospital.

Correlation of ominous fetal heart rate pattern and scalp blood pH with one-minute Apgar score.

Fetal minitoring data were analyzed in 176 labors that developed ominous fetal heart rate deceleration patterns (FHRDP) during the two hours prior to delivery in an effort to identify how neonatal condition could be most accurately predicted. It was found that ominous FHRDP corresponded to a one-minute Apgar score of 6 or less in only 15.3% of cases.