European Populations Carry Different Strains of .

The mosquito occurs in two ecotypes differing in their mating and overwintering behavior: pipiens mate in open environments and diapause, and molestus also mate in small spaces and is active throughout the year. carry endosymbionts of the Pip strain, but the frequency of infection differs between studied populations. infection affects the host reproductive success through cytoplasmic incompatibility.

Molecular Characterization of Theobald, 1903 (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations from Europe.

Theobald, 1903, considered a competent vector of parasites, is a mosquito species widely distributed in the Mediterranean area but rare in Northern and Central Europe. The disappearance of its suitable breeding sites in Italy is having a detrimental effect on the occurrence of this species once common along the Southern coasts and on the islands. Recently, molecular investigations have renewed interest in this species, highlighting a genetic heterogeneity among European populations.

Dual RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of caecal tissue during primary Eimeria tenella infection in chickens.

Background: Coccidiosis is an infectious disease with large negative impact on the poultry industry worldwide. It is an enteric infection caused by unicellular Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Eimeria. The present study aimed to gain more knowledge about interactions between parasites and the host immune system during the early asexual replication phase of E.

Different Hatching Rates of Floodwater Mosquitoes , and from Different Flooded Environments.

In the lower Dalälven region, floodwater mosquitoes cause recurring problems. The main nuisance species is , but large numbers of and also hatch during flooding events. To increase understanding of which environments in the area give rise to mosquito nuisance, soil samples were taken from 20 locations from four environmental categories: grazed meadows, mowed meadows, unkept open grassland areas and forest areas.

The Human Biting Bioform Detected in Several Areas in Southern Sweden.

The mosquito species is a known vector of several pathogens and occurs in two distinct bioforms, and . The bioform thrives in urban environments where there are below-ground habitats; it can mate in confined spaces and feed on mammals as well as birds. In contrast, the bioform is found above ground, is thought to require more space for mating, and mainly feeds on birds.

Novel Mitochondrial DNA Lineage Found among (De Geer, 1776) of the Nordic-Baltic Region.

The complex consist of three Northern American species as well as a common Holarctic mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) (De Geer, 1776). These sister species exhibit important ecological differences and are capable of transmitting various pathogens, but cannot always be differentiated by morphological traits. To investigate the complex in Europe, we compared three molecular markers (COI, ND5 and ITS2) from 54 Estonian mosquitoes as well as two COI marker sequences from Sweden.

Large outbreak of tularaemia, central Sweden, July to September 2019.

On 31 of July 2019, the Public Health Agency of Sweden was alerted about an increasing number of tularaemia cases in Gävleborg, a county in central Sweden. The number of cases increased thereafter peaking at about 150 reports of illnesses every week. As at 6 October, a total of 979 cases (734 laboratory-confirmed) have been reported, mainly from counties in central Sweden.

A SNP in the HTT promoter alters NF-κB binding and is a bidirectional genetic modifier of Huntington disease.

Cis-regulatory variants that alter gene expression can modify disease expressivity, but none have previously been identified in Huntington disease (HD). Here we provide in vivo evidence in HD patients that cis-regulatory variants in the HTT promoter are bidirectional modifiers of HD age of onset. HTT promoter analysis identified a NF-κB binding site that regulates HTT promoter transcriptional activity.

Detection and isolation of Sindbis virus from mosquitoes captured during an outbreak in Sweden, 2013.

Mosquito-borne alphaviruses have the potential to cause large outbreaks throughout the world. Here we investigated the causative agent of an unexpected Sindbis virus (SINV) outbreak during August-September, 2013, in a previously nonendemic region of Sweden. Mosquitoes were collected using carbon dioxide-baited CDC traps at locations close to human cases.

Neural stem cell differentiation is dictated by distinct actions of nuclear receptor corepressors and histone deacetylases.

Signaling factors including retinoic acid (RA) and thyroid hormone (T3) promote neuronal, oligodendrocyte, and astrocyte differentiation of cortical neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the functional specificity of transcriptional repressor checkpoints controlling these differentiation programs remains unclear. Here, we show by genome-wide analysis that histone deacetylase (HDAC)2 and HDAC3 show overlapping and distinct promoter occupancy at neuronal and oligodendrocyte-related genes in NSCs.

Identification of European mosquito species by MALDI-TOF MS.

MALDI-TOF MS profiling has proved to be efficient for arthropod identification at the species level. However, prior to entomological monitoring, the reference spectra database should cover relevant species. Here, 74 specimens were field-collected from 11 mosquito species captured in two distinct European areas and used either to increment our database or for blind tests.

Novel alterations in the epigenetic signature of MeCP2-targeted promoters in lymphocytes of Rett syndrome patients.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with neurological symptoms, such as motor disorders and mental retardation. In most cases, RTT is caused by mutations in the DNA binding protein MeCP2. In mice, MeCP2 gene deletion has been reported to result in genome-wide increased histone acetylation.

Like a rolling histone: epigenetic regulation of neural stem cells and brain development by factors controlling histone acetylation and methylation.

Background: The development of the nervous system is a highly organized process involving the precise and coordinated timing of many complex events. These events require proper expression of genes promoting survival, differentiation, and maturation, but also repression of alternative cell fates and restriction of cell-type-specific gene expression.

Scope Of The Review: As the enzymes mediating post-translational histone acetylation and methylation are regulating higher order chromatin structure and controlling gene transcription, knowledge of the roles for these enzymes becomes crucial for understanding neural development and disease.

Tracheobronchial transplantation with a stem-cell-seeded bioartificial nanocomposite: a proof-of-concept study.

Background: Tracheal tumours can be surgically resected but most are an inoperable size at the time of diagnosis; therefore, new therapeutic options are needed. We report the clinical transplantation of the tracheobronchial airway with a stem-cell-seeded bioartificial nanocomposite.

Methods: A 36-year-old male patient, previously treated with debulking surgery and radiation therapy, presented with recurrent primary cancer of the distal trachea and main bronchi.

The novel BTB/POZ and zinc finger factor Zbtb45 is essential for proper glial differentiation of neural and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.

Understanding the regulatory mechanisms controlling the fate decisions of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a crucial issue to shed new light on mammalian central nervous system (CNS) development in health and disease. We have investigated a possible role for the previously uncharacterized BTB/POZ-domain containing zinc finger factor Zbtb45 in the differentiation of NSCs and postnatal oligodendrocyte precursors. In situ hybridization histochemistry and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that Zbtb45 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in the developing CNS in mouse embryos at embryonic day (E) 12.

Drosophila brakeless interacts with atrophin and is required for tailless-mediated transcriptional repression in early embryos.

Complex gene expression patterns in animal development are generated by the interplay of transcriptional activators and repressors at cis-regulatory DNA modules (CRMs). How repressors work is not well understood, but often involves interactions with co-repressors. We isolated mutations in the brakeless gene in a screen for maternal factors affecting segmentation of the Drosophila embryo.

The acetyltransferase activity of Drosophila CBP is dispensable for regulation of the Dpp pathway in the early embryo.

The CBP protein is a transcriptional co-activator and histone acetyltransferase. Reduced expression of Drosophila CBP (dCBP) in the early embryo specifically impairs signaling by the TGF-beta molecules Dpp and Screw (Scw). This occurs by a failure to activate transcription of the tolloid (tld) gene, which codes for a protease that generates active Dpp and Scw ligands.

Drosophila Reptin and other TIP60 complex components promote generation of silent chromatin.

Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes have been linked to activation of transcription. Reptin is a subunit of different chromatin-remodeling complexes, including the TIP60 HAT complex. In Drosophila, Reptin also copurifies with the Polycomb group (PcG) complex PRC1, which maintains genes in a transcriptionally silent state.

The CBP coactivator functions both upstream and downstream of Dpp/Screw signaling in the early Drosophila embryo.

The CBP histone acetyltransferase plays important roles in development and disease by acting as a transcriptional coregulator. A small reduction in the amount of Drosophila CBP (dCBP) leads to a specific loss of signaling by the TGF-beta molecules Dpp and Screw in the early embryo. We show that the expression of Screw itself, and that of two regulators of Dpp/Screw activity, Twisted-gastrulation and the Tolloid protease, is compromised in dCBP mutant embryos.