Ketoprofen tissue permeation in swine following cathodic iontophoresis.

Background And Purpose: Pharmacokinetic assessment of drug tissue permeation following iontophoresis is limited. The depth of ketoprofen tissue permeation following cathodic iontophoresis (4 mA, 40 minutes) and the stereoselectivity of drug delivery were examined in this study.

Subjects: Ketoprofen (750 mg) was iontophoresed onto one porcine medial thigh, with passive drug permeation conducted on the other thigh.

Tissue extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ketoprofen entantiomers.

Local transcutaneous delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs avoids gastrointestinal side effects and concentrates drugs in the intended tissues. An extraction and HPLC method was developed for ketoprofen in skin, fascia and muscle. Tissue samples were homogenized in NaHCO3.

Osteomyelitis experimentally induced with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Influence of a foreign-body implant.

Experimental osteomyelitis was induced in the rabbit tibia with Staphylococcus epidermidis alone, with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron alone, and with both bacteria as etiologic agents, in the presence or absence of a foreign-body implant. Animals were monitored by clinical observation and roentgenographic, microbiologic, histologic, immunofluorescent microscopic, and electron microscopic methods. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed masses of coccoid and rod-shaped bacteria embedded in a matrix of exopolysaccharide and adhered to bone, marrow, and the foreign-body implant (when present).

Foreign-body-associated experimental osteomyelitis induced with Bacteroides fragilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis in rabbits.

Bacteroides fragilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis, alone and in combination, were used to induce foreign-body-associated osteomyelitis in a rabbit model. In this model, a catheter, used as a foreign body, was implanted into the medullary cavity of the tibia. Only two of five animals infected with S.

Effect of ciprofloxacin on experimental osteomyelitis in the rabbit tibia, induced with a mixed infection of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.

After induction of experimental polymicrobic osteomyelitis with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (ciprofloxacin MIC, 0.5 micrograms/ml and 4.0 micrograms/ml, respectively), in the presence of a foreign body implant, in a rabbit tibia model, ciprofloxacin was administered to infected animals for 2- and 4-week periods.

Ciprofloxacin concentrations in serum, bone and bone marrow of rabbits.

Ciprofloxacin concentrations were determined in serum, bone and bone marrow of rabbits. Four experimental groups of animals were examined: group A (n = 6) received a dosage of 60 mg/kg/day intramuscularly for 4 weeks, groups B (n = 6), C (n = 15) and D (n = 15) received dosages of 120 mg/kg/day subcutaneously for 2 days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, respectively. In the kinetic portion of the study, peak serum concentrations of ciprofloxacin measured at the 15 min sampling time were: 2.

Effect of ciprofloxacin on subcutaneous abscesses induced with Staphylococcus epidermidis and a foreign body implant in the mouse.

Subcutaneous abscesses were induced in mice with Staphylococcus epidermidis strain G19-85 and a foreign body implant. The MIC of ciprofloxacin for this strain was 0.25 microgram/ml.

Cell wall alterations in staphylococci growing in situ in experimental osteomyelitis.

When cells of both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are grown in batch culture in nutrient-rich media, their cell walls are regular in thickness, their cell size is within the normal range for each species, and their septation patterns are orderly. When cells of each of these species are examined directly in infected tissue in the rabbit tibia model infection, their cell wall thickness is often much increased and very irregular around the circumference of the cell, their cell size is often increased, and their septation patterns are often severely deranged. All of these alterations in cell wall structure occur in the absence of antibiotics, and we suggest that they may be an expression of phenotypic plasticity in response to altered environmental conditions such as specific nutrient limitations, the presence of antibacterial factors, and growth of the cells on hard surfaces such as rabbit bone or plastic catheters.

An electron microscopic study of the effect of clindamycin therapy on bacterial adherence and glycocalyx formation in experimental Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis.

After induction of experimental osteomyelitis with Staphylococcus aureus in a rabbit tibia model, clindamycin phosphate (280 mg/kg/day) was used to treat the infected animals for 1, 2 and 3 week periods. Scanning electron microscopy of samples of infected bone tissue taken at necropsy revealed masses of coccoid profiles embedded in a matrix of condensed exopolysaccharide material which adhered to the bone in both infected control animals and in infected animals treated for 1 week with clindamycin phosphate. After 2 and 3 weeks of clindamycin phosphate treatment, the infecting bacteria could not be cultured from tissue samples, and scanning electron microscopy of these samples revealed few coccoid profiles adhering to the bone and marrow.

An electron microscopic study of the effect of clindamycin on adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to bone surfaces.

Discs of rabbit tibia, 5 mm thick, were utilized to study the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to the bone surface in the presence and absence of clindamycin. Bacteria were grown in broth media containing the bone slices and varying concentrations of clindamycin. In the absence of the antibiotic, S.

Bacterial adherence and glycocalyx formation in osteomyelitis experimentally induced with Staphylococcus aureus.

A surgical procedure allowed the placement of a silicone rubber catheter in the marrow cavity of the tibia of a rabbit and also allowed the introduction of a sclerosing agent (sodium morrhuate) and cells of Staphylococcus aureus. Osteomyelitis developed in 60% of the animals so treated, and the infecting microorganism was recovered from the infected tibias of the animals that developed this disease. All blood cultures taken 24 h after the infection were negative for S.

Studies on the hygiene of drinking water for laboratory animals. 2. Clinical and biochemical studies in rats and rabbits during long-term provision of acidified drinking water.

The reaction of rats and rabbits to long-term application of acidified drinking water (pH 2.3-2.5) was observed over a 7-months period.

Studies on the hygiene of drinking water for laboratory animals. 1. The effect of various treatments on bacterial contamination.

Daily autoclaving of drinking-water bottles or daily replacement of their contents resulted in drinking water hygienically acceptable for laboratory rats. However, daily autoclaving of the bottles imposes an additional workload which many institutions cannot afford. The daily replacement of the drinking water is not desirable, since with the usual routines it is virtually impossible to guarantee a bottle is returned to the same cage.