Pilot Trial of Streamlined Genetic Education and Traceback Genetic Testing in Prostate Cancer Survivors.

Background: Germline genetic testing is recommended for men with metastatic or high-risk prostate cancer to inform treatment and risk management for other cancers and inform genetic testing in at-risk relatives. However, relatively few patients with prostate cancer undergo genetic testing. Given the low rate of testing and increasing demands on genetic service providers, strategies are needed that reduce barriers to testing while conserving genetic counseling resources.

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Newly Diagnosed HIV Patient: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome that arises due to a dysregulated immune response caused by the aberrant activation of lymphocytes and macrophages. In this rare case report, we describe a newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient who was found to have Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) provoked HLH and co-existing Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).  Our patient was a 28-year-old newly diagnosed HIV patient who presented with nonspecific symptoms, including bilateral foot pain and tingling sensation.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as a Treatment Option for Bladder Cancer: Current Evidence.

Bladder cancer is a prevalent disease, and treatment options for advanced bladder cancer remain limited. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) have shown promise in treating bladder cancer. These drugs work by blocking receptors and ligands, disrupting signaling, and allowing T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells.

COVID-19-Induced Myopathy and Diaphragmatic Weakness: A Case Report.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus that can induce myopathy, which can evolve into potentially life-threatening muscle weakness, including diaphragmatic paralysis. We present a case report of a 57-year-old female treated in the medical ICU for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) triggered by active COVID-19 infection, who subsequently developed worsening respiratory weakness from underlying COVID-19 myopathy manifesting as respiratory muscle weakness. Our patient's muscle biopsy highlights the development of muscle atrophy without evidence of inflammatory myopathy, making the presence of pre-existing autoimmune myopathy unlikely.

Correction: Austrian Syndrome: The Forgotten Triad of a Complex Condition in an Antibiotic Era.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32106.

High-Fat Diet as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

High-fat diets have been identified as a major cause of obesity and a potential risk factor for breast cancer. Fat tissue, also known as adipose tissue, produces an excess of estrogen, which has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Determining the impact of HFDs in the development and progression of breast cancer is essential, as it will enable us to identify the role of dietary modification in preventing and managing the disease.

Presentation of Colorectal Carcinoma as Abdominal Wall Phlegmon.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second most common deadly cancer worldwide as of 2020. Unusual presentation of this cancer with locally advanced disease is rare and seen in only 5% to 22% of cases. We present the case of a 53-year-old male who had invasive cecal adenocarcinoma with phlegmon of the abdominal wall musculature at presentation and an aggressive course that did not respond to the standard lines of therapy.

Austrian Syndrome: The Forgotten Triad of a Complex Condition in an Antibiotic Era.

Osler's triad, an alternative term for Austrian syndrome, has a complex pathology comprising of pneumonia, meningitis, and endocarditis, all of which are caused by the hematogenous dissemination of . It can affect multiple organ systems, resulting in this rare but complex triad. With the advent of antibiotics, the incidence and severity of the disease have reduced remarkably.

The Evolution of Hypertension Guidelines Over the Last 20+ Years: A Comprehensive Review.

Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In the last two decades, the guidelines have evolved tremendously from areas with no recommendations for screening or treatment to targeted recommendations for some at-risk groups. We sought to go through the literature that provided guidelines for the management of hypertension at any point in time over the last 22 years from 2000 to 2022.

Apical lung mass-A rare presentation of multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells with clinical features resulting from infiltration of plasma cells into bones and other organs. Multiple myeloma manifesting as an apical lung mass is less common and very few cases have been reported. We report the case of a 50-year-old female who presented with an apical lung mass which happened to be multiple myeloma arising from the upper ribs into the lung.

A Review of Four Practice Guidelines of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term that encompasses conditions characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Major scientific organizations interested in gastrointestinal systems or GIT-focused organizations worldwide release guidelines for diagnosing, classifying, managing, and treating IBD.

The Burden of Obesity in the Rural Adult Population of America.

There is an epidemic of obesity in adults in rural America. It is estimated that about 19% of the population resides in rural areas, which encompasses 97% of America's total landmass. Although rural America makes up a fraction of America's total population, it has been estimated that the prevalence of obesity is approximately 6.