Mechanisms and consequences of myeloid adhesome dysfunction in atherogenesis.

Aims: In the context of atherosclerosis, macrophages exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) exhibit cellular abnormalities, specifically in adhesome functions, yet the mechanisms and implications of these adhesive dysfunctions remain largely unexplored.

Methods And Results: This study reveals a significant depletion of Kindlin3 (K3) or Fermt3, an essential component of the adhesome regulating integrin functions, in macrophages located within atherosclerotic plaques in vivo and following oxLDL exposure in vitro. To examine the effects of K3 deficiency, the study utilized hyperlipidemic bone marrow chimeras devoid of myeloid Kindlin3 expression.

Multi-omic analysis reveals VEGFR2, PI3K, and JNK mediate the small molecule induction of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte proliferation.

Mammalian hearts lose their regenerative potential shortly after birth. Stimulating the proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes is a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac damage. In a previous study, we identified 30 compounds that induced the bona-fide proliferation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM).

Stellate cells are in utero markers of pancreatic disease in cystic fibrosis.

Background: Pancreatic fibrosis is an early diagnostic feature of the common inherited disorder cystic fibrosis (CF). Many people with CF (pwCF) are pancreatic insufficient from birth and the replacement of acinar tissue with cystic lesions and fibrosis is a progressive phenotype that may later lead to diabetes. Little is known about the initiating events in the fibrotic process though it may be a sequela of inflammation in the pancreatic ducts resulting from loss of CFTR impairing normal fluid secretion.

Integrative analysis of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions in smooth muscle cell phenotypic transitions.

We previously found that the pluripotency factor OCT4 is reactivated in smooth muscle cells (SMC) in human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques and plays an atheroprotective role. Loss of OCT4 in SMC was associated with decreases in SMC migration. However, molecular mechanisms responsible for atheroprotective SMC-OCT4-dependent effects remain unknown.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Atopic Dermatitis and Chronic Urticaria Are Underused in Clinical Practice.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are validated and standardized tools that complement physician evaluations and guide treatment decisions. They are crucial for monitoring atopic dermatitis (AD) and chronic urticaria (CU) in clinical practice, but there are unmet needs and knowledge gaps regarding their use in clinical practice.

Objecctive: We investigated the global real-world use of AD and CU PROMs in allergology and dermatology clinics as well as their associated local and regional networks.

New Hybrid Ethylenediurea (EDU) Derivatives and Their Phytoactivity.

Natural and synthetic phytohormones are widely used in agriculture. The synthetic cytokinin ethylenediurea (EDU) induces protection in plants against ozone phytotoxicity. In our study, new hybrid derivatives of EDU were synthesized and tested for phytoactivity.

Unraveling the Role of Sex in Endothelial Cell Dysfunction: Evidence From Lineage Tracing Mice and Cultured Cells.

Background: Biological sex differences play a vital role in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. The endothelium is a critical contributor to cardiovascular pathologies since endothelial cells (ECs) regulate vascular tone, redox balance, and inflammatory reactions. Although EC activation and dysfunction play an essential role in the early and late stages of atherosclerosis development, little is known about sex-dependent differences in EC.

Smooth muscle cells-specific loss of OCT4 accelerates neointima formation after acute vascular injury.

Introduction: There is growing evidence that smooth muscle cell () phenotypic transitions play critical roles during normal developmental and tissue recovery processes and in pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these transitions are not well understood. Recently, we found that the embryonic stem cell/induced pluripotent stem cell () factor OCT4, which was believed to be silenced in somatic cells, plays an atheroprotective role in SMC, and regulates angiogenesis after corneal alkali burn and hindlimb ischemia by mediating microvascular SMC and pericyte migration.

Enhancement of Polyacrylate Antiscalant Activity during Gypsum Deposit Formation with the Pretreatment of Aqueous Solutions with Spruce Wood Shavings.

Considerable efforts are made worldwide to reduce inorganic scale in reverse osmosis plants, boilers and heat exchangers, evaporators, industrial water systems, geothermal power plants and oilfield applications. These include the development of new environmentally friendly antiscalants and the improvement of conventional ones. The present report is dedicated to the unconventional application of spruce wood shavings in combination with polyacrylate (PAA-F1) in a model case of gypsum scale formation.

Fluorescent-Tagged Antiscalants-The New Materials for Scale Inhibition Mechanism Studies, Antiscalant Traceability and Antiscaling Efficacy Optimization during CaCO and CaSO·2HO Scale Formation.

Equipment scaling leads to reduced production efficiency in a wide range of industrial applications worldwide. Various antiscaling agents are currently commonly used to mitigate this problem. However, irrespective of their long and successful application in water treatment technologies, little is known about the mechanisms of scale inhibition, particularly the localization of scale inhibitors on scale deposits.

Application and Visualization of Fluorescent-Tagged Antiscalants in Electrodialysis Processing of Aqueous Solutions Prone to Gypsum Scale Deposition.

Membrane scaling is a serious problem in electrodialysis. A widely used technique for controlling scale deposition in water treatment technologies is the application of antiscalants (AS). The present study reports on gypsum scale inhibition in electrodialysis cell by the two novel ASs: fluorescent-tagged bisphosphonate 1-hydroxy-7-(6-methoxy-1,3-dioxo-1Hbenzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)heptane-1,1-diyl-bis(phosphonic acid), HEDP-F and fluorescein-tagged polyacrylate, PAA-F2 (molecular mass 4000 Da) monitored by chronopotentiometry and fluorescent microscopy.

Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Atherosclerosis: Friend or Foe?

Despite many decades of research, complications of atherosclerosis resulting from the rupture or erosion of unstable plaques remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Advances in cellular lineage tracing techniques have allowed researchers to begin investigating the role of individual cell types in the key processes regulating plaque stability, including maintenance of the fibrous cap, a protective collagen-rich structure that underlies the endothelium. This structure was previously thought to be entirely derived from smooth muscle cells (SMC), which migrated from the vessel wall.

Most cancers carry a substantial deleterious load due to Hill-Robertson interference.

Cancer genomes exhibit surprisingly weak signatures of negative selection (Martincorena et al., 2017; Weghorn, 2017). This may be because selective pressures are relaxed or because genome-wide linkage prevents deleterious mutations from being removed (Hill-Robertson interference; Hill and Robertson, 1966).

Inhibition of DYRK1a Enhances Cardiomyocyte Cycling After Myocardial Infarction.

Background: DYRK1a (dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1a) contributes to the control of cycling cells, including cardiomyocytes. However, the effects of inhibition of DYRK1a on cardiac function and cycling cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction (MI) remain unknown.

Methods: We investigated the impacts of pharmacological inhibition and conditional genetic ablation of DYRK1a on endogenous cardiomyocyte cycling and left ventricular systolic function in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) MI using () (denoted ) and mice.

Endothelial OCT4 is atheroprotective by preventing metabolic and phenotypic dysfunction.

Aims: Until recently, the pluripotency factor Octamer (ATGCAAAT)-binding transcriptional factor 4 (OCT4) was believed to be dispensable in adult somatic cells. However, our recent studies provided clear evidence that OCT4 has a critical atheroprotective role in smooth muscle cells. Here, we asked if OCT4 might play a functional role in regulating endothelial cell (EC) phenotypic modulations in atherosclerosis.

A Case Study of Calcium Carbonate Crystallization during Reverse Osmosis Water Desalination in Presence of Novel Fluorescent-Tagged Antiscalants.

Calcium carbonate scaling in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process is studied in the presence of two novel fluorescent-tagged scale inhibitors 1,8-naphthalimide-tagged polyacrylate (PAA-F1) and 1-hydroxy-7-(6-methoxy-1,3-dioxo-1-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2()-yl)heptane-1,1-diyl-bis(phosphonic acid) (HEDP-F) by fluorescent microscopy (FM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both antiscalants diminished the mean size of calcite crystals relative to the blank experiment. The behavior and localization of HEDP-F and PAA-F1 during calcite scale formation on membrane surface was found to be significantly different from the distribution in similar RO experiments with gypsum, reported earlier.

Flexible Strain-Sensitive Silicone-CNT Sensor for Human Motion Detection.

This article describes the manufacturing technology of biocompatible flexible strain-sensitive sensor based on Ecoflex silicone and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The sensor demonstrates resistive behavior. Structural, electrical, and mechanical characteristics are compared.

Fennel () seed powder increases Delta-Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 gene expression in testis, liver, and humeral muscle tissues of growing lambs.

Delta-Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 (DLK1) is one of the key genes involved in the development of muscle, liver, pancreas, and lung cells; adipocytes production; and the improvement of digestion, growth performance, and meat quality. It has been documented that fennel is effective on increasing the DLK1 gene () expression in the testis, liver, and muscle tissues, which may consequently have important implications for sheep production. Hence, the aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the fennel seed powder's effect on expression in testis, liver, and humeral muscle tissues in growing lambs.

Correlation between insulin-like growth factor 1 gene expression and fennel () seed powder consumption in muscle of sheep.

It has been shown that addition of fennel in the diets of domestic animals has positive and beneficial effects on growth and meat production traits. Thus, the purpose of current study was to investigate the effect of adding fennel in the ration on growth characteristics and on insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene expression in muscle tissue of Kermani lamb. Feeding of animals were performed with three levels of fennel including zero, 10 and 20 g/kg dry matter (DM) for 90 days.

Single-cell transcriptomic profile of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells in health and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an insidious disease characterized by severe remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature caused in part by pathologic changes of endothelial cell functions. Although heterogeneity of endothelial cells across various vascular beds is well known, the diversity among endothelial cells in the healthy pulmonary vascular bed and the pathologic diversity among pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC) in PAH is unknown and previously unexplored. Here single-cell RNA sequencing technology was used to decipher the cellular heterogeneity among PAEC in the human pulmonary arteries isolated from explanted lungs from three patients with PAH undergoing lung transplantation and three healthy donor lungs not utilized for transplantation.

Real-World Experience with Targeted Therapy in BRAF Mutant Advanced Melanoma Patients: Results from a Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study Advanced Melanoma in Russia (Experience) (ADMIRE).

Clinical trials of targeted therapy (TT) and immunotherapy (IT) for highly aggressive advanced melanoma have shown marked improvements in response and survival rates. However, real-world data on treatment patterns and clinical outcomes for patients with advanced BRAF V600 mutant melanoma are ultimately scarce. The study was designed as an observational retrospective chart review study, which included 382 patients with advanced BRAF V600 mutant melanoma, who received TT in a real-world setting and were not involved in clinical trials.