Publications by authors named "Tjokosela Tikiso"
Background: In acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), adequate antibiotic dosing is challenging due to changes of drug distribution and elimination. We studied the pharmacokinetics of linezolid in critically ill patients with ACLF during continuous renal replacement therapy compared to patients without concomitant liver failure (NLF).
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients received linezolid 600 mg bid.
Background: Suboptimal exposure to antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs has been associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes. We aimed to investigate estimates and determinants of first-line anti-TB drug pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents at a global level.
Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science (1990-2021) for pharmacokinetic studies of first-line anti-TB drugs in children and adolescents.
Article Synopsis
- Ethambutol is important in preventing drug resistance during the initial treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in children, particularly in areas with high HIV or drug-resistant TB cases.
- A study of 188 children showed that the drug's pharmacokinetics follows a two-compartment model, meaning it is absorbed and eliminated in a specific way, with clearances increasing significantly by age.
- Recommendations suggest doubling or tripling ethambutol doses for young patients to achieve effective drug levels, but this increases the risk of potential eye toxicity, necessitating further investigation.
Aims: Abacavir is part of WHO-recommended regimens to treat HIV in children under 15 years of age. In a pooled analysis across four studies, we describe abacavir population pharmacokinetics to investigate the influence of age, concomitant medications, malnutrition and formulation.
Methods: A total of 230 HIV-infected African children were included, with median (range) age of 2.
Abacavir Exposure in Children Cotreated for Tuberculosis with Rifampin and Superboosted Lopinavir-Ritonavir.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
April 2020
In children requiring lopinavir coformulated with ritonavir in a 4:1 ratio (lopinavir-ritonavir-4:1) and rifampin, adding ritonavir to achieve a 4:4 ratio with lopinavir (LPV/r-4:4) overcomes the drug-drug interaction. Possible drug-drug interactions within this regimen may affect abacavir concentrations, but this has never been studied. Children weighing <15 kg needing rifampin and LPV/r-4:4 were enrolled in a pharmacokinetic study and underwent intensive pharmacokinetic sampling on 3 visits: (i) during the intensive and (ii) continuation phases of antituberculosis treatment with LPV/r-4:4 and (iii) 1 month after antituberculosis treatment completion on LPV/r-4:1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLopinavir-ritonavir forms the backbone of current first-line antiretroviral regimens in young HIV-infected children. As multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) frequently occurs in young children in high-burden TB settings, it is important to identify potential interactions between MDR-TB treatment and lopinavir-ritonavir. We describe the pharmacokinetics of and potential drug-drug interactions between lopinavir-ritonavir and drugs routinely used for MDR-TB treatment in HIV-infected children.
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