Importance of Energy, Dietary Protein Sources, and Amino Acid Composition in the Regulation of Metabolism: An Indissoluble Dynamic Combination for Life.

Purpose: This paper aims to present a unique perspective that emphasizes the intricate interplay between energy, dietary proteins, and amino acid composition, underscoring their mutual dependence for health-related considerations. Energy and protein synthesis are fundamental to biological processes, crucial for the sustenance of life and the growth of organisms.

Methods And Results: We explore the intricate relationship between energy metabolism, protein synthesis, regulatory mechanisms, protein sources, amino acid availability, and autophagy in order to elucidate how these elements collectively maintain cellular homeostasis.

Serum Metabolic Profile in Patients With Long-Covid (PASC) Syndrome: Clinical Implications.

Many patients who have been suffering by Covid-19 suffer of long-Covid syndrome, with symptoms of fatigue and muscular weakness that characterize post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). However, there is limited knowledge about the molecular pathophysiology, and about the serum profile of these patients. We studied the blood serum profile of 75 selected patients, with previous confirmed Covid-19, 2 months after hospital discharge, who reported new-onset fatigue, muscle weakness and/or dyspnea not present prior to the virus infection and independently from concomitant diseases and/or clinical conditions.

How Can Malnutrition Affect Autophagy in Chronic Heart Failure? Focus and Perspectives.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a disease with important clinical and socio-economic ramifications. Malnutrition and severe alteration of the protein components of the body (protein disarrangements), common conditions in CHF patients, are independent correlates of heart dysfunction, disease progression, and mortality. Autophagy, a prominent occurrence in the heart of patients with advanced CHF, is a self-digestive process that prolongs myocardial cell lifespan by the removal of cytosolic components, such as aging organelles and proteins, and recycles the constituent elements for new protein synthesis.

Follicular B-Cell Lymphoma and Particulate Matter Associated with Environmental Exposure to Wood Dust.

BACKGROUND In humans, wood dust is a carcinogen. Indeed, a strong association between wood dust and lung cancer risk has been reported in woodworkers, as well as in the general population. CASE REPORT The patient was a 58-year-old man with follicular B-cell lymphoma.

Urocortin Induces Phosphorylation of Distinct Residues of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) via Different Signaling Pathways.

BACKGROUND Urocortin (Ucn) is a member of the hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing factor family and has been shown to reduce cell death in the heart caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor known to function as a pro-survival and anti-apoptotic factor, whose activation depends on a variety of cytokines, including IL-6. A recent study demonstrated that urocortin induced IL-6 release from cardiomyocytes in a CRF-R2-dependent manner, suggesting a possible link between CRF-R2 stimulation and STAT3 activation.

Autophagy and Oncosis/Necroptosis Are Enhanced in Cardiomyocytes from Heart Failure Patients.

BACKGROUND Although originally described as a survival mechanism, it is unknown whether and to what extent autophagy is implicated in the terminal stages of heart failure. Here, we studied magnitude and evolution of autophagy in patients with intractable heart failure. MATERIAL AND METHODS Myocardial samples were obtained from 22 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy who were undergoing cardiac transplantation.

Spasmogenic Effects of the Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib on Coronary Resistance, Vascular Tone and Reactivity.

Background: Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a new proteasome inhibitor used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Besides heart failure, angina and myocardial ischemia occurred following administration of CFZ, which is not contraindicated in patients with recent myocardial infarction/unstable angina excluded from the safety trials.

Aim Of Study: To test the effects of CFZ (10 to 10mol/L) on vascular tone and reactivity in the isolated rabbit heart and aorta.

Cardiac Lymphoma Presenting as Subacute Progressive Dyspnea: A Case Report and Review of the Literature on the Pathophysiology and Imaging of Intracardiac Tumors.

• The case of a 64-year-old man with progressive dyspnea is presented. • Imaging revealed a large intracardiac mass invading the right chambers and the left atrium. • Extensive testing was conducted to reach the final diagnosis of primary cardiac B-cell lymphoma.

Diagnostic Approach to Myocarditis Mimicking Myocardial Infarction at Initial Presentation.

We present a case of a 35-year-old male patient with a 12-hour history of sudden-onset, crushing chest pain and associated complaints of profuse diaphoresis, nausea and vomiting. The patient was transferred to our institution from an outside hospital for evaluation and possible emergent catheterization. Left heart catheterization was conclusive for normal coronary arteries and a ventriculogram revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction of approximately 45%.

Decreased expression of Klotho in cardiac atria biopsy samples from patients at higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Background: Klotho proteins (α- and β) are membrane-based circulating proteins that regulate cell metabolism, as well as the lifespan modulating activity of Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs). Recent data has shown that higher plasma circulating Klotho levels reduce cardiovascular risk, suggesting Klotho has a protective role in cardiovascular diseases. However, although so far it has been identified in various organs, it is unknown whether cardiomyocytes express Klotho and FGFs, and whether high cardiovascular risk could affect cardiac expression of Klotho, FGFs and other molecules.

Comprehensive review on cardio-oncology: Role of multimodality imaging.

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the two leading causes of mortality worldwide. Evolving oncologic therapy, including the use of newer targeted agents, has led to an improvement in survival from childhood- and adult-onset cancers. Consequently, there has been a growing realization of cardiotoxic complications related to cancer therapy, with some complications manifesting over months to decades after completion of cancer treatment.

Dilemmas in end-stage heart failure.

Heart failure (HF), a complex clinical syndrome due to structural or functional disorder of the heart, is a major global health issue, with a prevalence of over 5.8 million in the USA alone, and over 23 million worldwide. As a leading cause of hospitalizations among patients aged 65 years or older, HF is a major consumer of healthcare resources, creating a substantial strain on the healthcare system.

Device-detected atrial fibrillation: what to do with asymptomatic patients?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically significant arrhythmia and conveys an increased risk of stroke, regardless of whether it is symptomatic. Despite multiple studies supporting an association between subclinical atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATs) detected by cardiac implantable electronic devices and increased risk of thromboembolic events, clinical intervention for device-detected AT remains sluggish, with some clinicians delaying treatment and instead opting for continued surveillance for additional or longer episodes. However, the 2014 updated clinical practice guidelines on AF recommend use of the CHA2DS2-VASc stroke risk score for nonvalvular AF, with oral anticoagulation recommended for scores ≥2, regardless of whether AF is paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent.

Mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and the cytoprotective role of minocycline: scope and limitations.

Deep insight into the complex mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury has been attained in the past years. Minocycline is a second-generation tetracycline with US FDA approval for clinical use in various infections. Lately, several noninfectious cytoprotective activities of minocycline have been discovered as well.

The role and modulation of autophagy in experimental models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

A physiological sequence called autophagy qualitatively determines cellular viability by removing protein aggregates and damaged cytoplasmic constituents, and contributes significantly to the degree of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This tightly orchestrated catabolic cellular 'housekeeping' process provides cells with a new source of energy to adapt to stressful conditions. This process was first described as a pro-survival mechanism, but increasing evidence suggests that it can also lead to the demise of the cell.

Current strategies in the evaluation and management of cocaine-induced chest pain.

With each successive year, the number of Emergency Department (ED) visits related to illicit drug abuse has progressively increased. Cocaine is the most common illegal drug to cause a visit to the ED. Cocaine use results in a variety of pathophysiological changes with regards to the cardiovascular system, such as constriction of coronary vessels, dysfunction of vascular endothelium, decreased aortic elasticity, hemodynamic disruptions, a hypercoagulable state, and direct toxicity to myocardial and vascular tissue.

S-nitroso human serum albumin attenuates pulmonary hypertension, improves right ventricular-arterial coupling, and reduces oxidative stress in a chronic right ventricle volume overload model.

Background: This study examined the acute effect of intravenous S-nitroso human serum albumin (S-NO-HSA) infusion on overall hemodynamics and oxidative stress in a chronic left-to-right shunt-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension model with right ventricle (RV) failure.

Methods: An aortocaval fistula (pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio [Qp/Qs] > 2.0) was surgically created in 50 male Wistar rats.