Effluent parameters prediction of a biological nutrient removal (BNR) process using different machine learning methods: A case study.

This paper proposes a novel targeted blend of machine learning (ML) based approaches for controlling wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operation by predicting distributions of key effluent parameters of a biological nutrient removal (BNR) process. Two years of data were collected from Plajyolu wastewater treatment plant in Kocaeli, Türkiye and the effluent parameters were predicted using six machine learning algorithms to compare their performances. Based on mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) metric only, support vector regression machine (SVRM) with linear kernel method showed a good agreement for COD and BOD, with the MAPE values of about 9% and 0.

Safety considerations for dietary supplement manufacturers in the United States.

Due to significant dietary supplement use in the US, product manufacturers must understand the importance of implementing a robust approach to establishing safety for all ingredients, including dietary ingredients, components, and finished dietary supplement products. Different regulatory pathways exist by which the safety of dietary ingredients can be established, and thus allowed to be marketed in a dietary supplement. For individual dietary ingredients, safety information may come from a variety of sources including history of safe use, presence of the ingredient in foods, and/or non-clinical and clinical data.

Lyophilized mixed micelles of exemestane: A novel paradigm to improve its absorption and anticancer activity.

The objective of the present investigation was to prepare and optimize lyophilized mixed micelles (Lyp-EXE-MMs) of exemestane (EXE) with improved solubility, bioavailability, in vivo anticancer activity, and physical stability, by using various cryoprotectants. The prepared lyophilized mixed micelles were characterized by various techniques, including dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, powdered X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance ( H NMR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and so on. Thereafter, the lyophilized micelles were evaluated for ex vivo permeation, in vitro drug release and gene/protein expression (RT-PCR and Western blot analysis) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Comparative Study on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beam Retrofitted with CFRP Strengthening Techniques.

Lateral reinforcement has a significant impact on the strength and ductility of concrete. Extra confinement is provided in this project by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets wrapped around the outside of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. To determine the failure criteria and maximum load-carrying capacity of beams, numerous specimens were cast and tested in a flexural testing machine.

Bacterial supergroup-specific "cost" of infections in .

The maternally inherited endosymbiont, , is known to alter the reproductive biology of its arthropod hosts for its own benefit and can induce both positive and negative fitness effects in many hosts. Here, we describe the effects of the maintenance of two distinct infections, one each from supergroups A and B, on the parasitoid host . We compare the effect of infections on various traits between the uninfected, single A-infected, single B-infected, and double-infected lines with their cured versions.

Clinical Assessment of the Bone Width Following Lateral Ridge Expansion in Augmentation of Narrow Alveolar Ridges for Placing Immediate Dental Implants.

Background: Less residual alveolar bone at extraction site at esthetic and functional tooth position is the main limitation in placing a dental implant, especially at long-span edentulous ridges. This needs ridge augmentation.

Aims: To assess bone width gain and implant stability following narrow ridge augmentation using the vertical ridge split technique.

Effects of Elevated Temperature on the Residual Behavior of Concrete Containing Marble Dust and Foundry Sand.

Concrete is a composite material that is commonly used in the construction industry. It will certainly be exposed to fires of varying intensities when used in buildings and industries. The major goal of this article was to look into the influence of mineral additions such as foundry sand and marble dust on the residual characteristics of concrete.

Preference Index of Sustainable Natural Fibers in Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixture Using Waste Marble.

The present study investigates the preference index of natural fibers such as sisal, coir, and rice straw fibers in stone matrix asphalt mixtures (SMA), using waste marble as filler. Waste marble was used as the filler in asphalt mixtures and was crushed by abrasion machine and sieved according to SMA filler requirements. The SEM topography and EDS analysis of sisal, coir, and rice straw fibers were also carried out.

Convolutions in the rendition of nose to brain therapeutics from bench to bedside: Feats & fallacies.

Brain, a subtle organ of multifarious nature presents plethora of physiological, metabolic and bio-chemical convolutions that impede the delivery of biomolecules and thereby resulting in truncated therapeutic outcome in pathological conditions of central nervous system (CNS). The absolute bottleneck in the therapeutic management of such devastating CNS ailments is the BBB. Another pitfall is the lack of efficient technological platforms (due to high cost and low approval rates) as well as limited clinical trials (due to failures of neuro‑leads in late-stage pipelines) for CNS disorders which has become a literal brain drain with poorest success rates compared to other therapeutic areas, owing to time consuming processes, tremendous convolutions and conceivable adverse effects.

A Compendium of Specific Histopathological Bodies in Dermatology.

The spectrum of histopathological variations of most of the Dermatological conditions is so wide and overlapping that even with our current vast knowledge of this discipline, it seems to be a tough task for clinicians as well as Dermatopathologists to arrive at a conclusive diagnosis in many cases. However, with the aid of special stains and advanced diagnostic techniques, some characteristic histopathologic features have been defined over the time, among which histopathological bodies or inclusion bodies serve as specific clues. With this perspective in view, an attempt has been made to collate and describe the well-known as well as the lesser-known histopathological bodies seen in various dermatological diseases.

Atypical anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis in a patient with metastatic melanoma treated with mitogen-activated protein kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case report.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors have become the standard of care in patients with advanced melanoma bearing V600 mutations. However, little is known about their nephrotoxicity. To date, only two cases of anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis after exposure to checkpoint inhibitors have been documented.

Polymeric Precipitation Inhibitor Based Supersaturable Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Canagliflozin: Optimization and Evaluation.

Background: The present investigation attempts to optimize Supersaturable lipid based formulation (SS SMEDDS) of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class IV drug canagliflozin (CFZ) and evaluating the oral bioavailability of the formulation.

Methods: Preliminary screening revealed Poloxamer 188 to most effectively inhibit precipitation of CFZ after dispersion during in vitro supersaturation studies. Box Behnken Design was employed for designing different formulations, and various statistical analyses were done to select an appropriate mathematical model.

Evaluation of Bio-Mechanistic Behavior of Liquid Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System in Biorelevant Media.

In vitro, An in vitro

Engineered Site-specific Vesicular Systems for Colonic Delivery: Trends and Implications.

Steering drug-loaded, site-specific, coated lipid vesicles to the target receptor sites have the potential of plummeting adverse effects and improving the pharmacological response in diverse pathologies of the large bowel, especially the colon. Colonic delivery via oral route has its own challenges, often governed by several glitches such as drug degradation or absorption in the upper GIT, instability of proteins/peptides due to high molecular weight, and peptidase activity in the stomach. Consequently, colon-specific coated liposomal systems (CSLS) offer a potential alternate for not only site-specificity, but protection from proteolytic activity, and prolonged residence time for greater systemic bioavailability.

Human and Aquatic Toxicity Potential of Petroleum Biodegradation Metabolite Mixtures in Groundwater from Fuel Release Sites.

The potential toxicity to human and aquatic receptors of petroleum fuel biodegradation metabolites (oxygen-containing organic compounds [OCOCs]) in groundwater has been investigated as part of a multi-year research program. Whole mixtures collected from locations upgradient and downgradient of multiple fuel release sites were tested using: 1) in vitro screening assays for human genotoxicity (the gamma-H2AX assay) and estrogenic effects (estrogen receptor transcriptional activation assay), and 2) chronic aquatic toxicity tests in 3 species (Ceriodaphnia dubia, Raphidocelis subcapitata, and Pimephales promelas). In vitro screening assay results demonstrated that the mixtures did not cause genotoxic or estrogenic effects.

Enhanced oral bioavailability and anti-diabetic activity of canagliflozin through a spray dried lipid based oral delivery: a novel paradigm.

Aim: Canagliflozin (CFZ), a novel SGLT II antagonist, exhibits erratic absorption after oral administration. The current study entails development and evaluation of spray dried lipid based formulation (solid SMEDDS) for enhancing oral bioavailability and anti-diabetic activity of CFZ.

Methods: Solid SMEDDS developed through spray drying containing Neusilin US2 as an adsorbent.

Bio-Inspired Strategies against Diabetes and Associated Complications: A Review.

Bio-molecules are the most important target to be considered while designing any drug delivery system. The logic lies in using such bio-sensing or bio-mimicking systems in their formulations that can mimic the active site of those receptors to which the drug is going to bind. Polymers mimicking the active site of target enzymes are regarded as bio-inspired polymers and can be used to ameliorate many diseased conditions.

Polymeric precipitation inhibitor as an effective trigger to convert supersaturated into supersaturable state .

The supersaturated state of the drug is thermodynamically unstable resulting in a delayed response and reduced efficacy. The use of polymeric precipitation inhibitor (PPI) has been demonstrated as an effective trigger for the conversion of supersaturated state to supersaturable state for improving solubilization, thermodynamic maintenance of drug concentration and oral absorption of poorly water-soluble compounds. PPI retards drug precipitation and provides a kinetically stabilized supersaturation state for an extended period in gastric and intestinal fluids.

Poor communication by health care professionals may lead to life-threatening complications: examples from two case reports.

We report two cases which highlight the fact how poor communication leads to dangerously poor health outcome. We present the case of a 50-year-old woman recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis from Southern Nepal presented to Patan hospital with multiple episodes of vomiting and oral ulcers following the intake of methotrexate every day for 11 days, who was managed in the intensive care unit. Similarly, we present a 40-year-old man with ileo-caecal tuberculosis who was prescribed with anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) and prednisolone, who failed to take ATT due to poor communication and presented to Patan Hospital with features of disseminated tuberculosis following intake of 2 weeks of prednisolone alone.

Implementing antimicrobial stewardship to reduce surgical site infections: Experience and challenges from two tertiary-care hospitals in Mumbai, India.

Objectives: Surgical site infections (SSIs) contribute significantly to post-surgical morbidity globally. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) are essential to reduce SSI rates and to curb antimicrobial resistance, especially in low-and-middle-income countries. This prospective study aimed to show the reproducibility of ASP implementation and SSI prevention measures in a semi-private institution with high perioperative prophylactic antimicrobial consumption beyond guidelines.

Ectopic ACTH Syndrome in a Child With Abdominal Ewing Sarcoma: A Rare Paraneoplastic Phenomenon.

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome is a paraneoplastic phenomenon rarely seen in pediatrics and rarely described in Ewing sarcoma. We report a 15-year-old boy with abdominal Ewing sarcoma and clinical and laboratory findings of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome that promptly resolved with treatment of the tumor.

Self-microemulsifying Drug Delivery System for Problematic Molecules: An Update.

Background: The poor bioavailability of a problematic molecule is predominantly due to its high lipophilicity, low solubility in gastric fluids and/or high fist pass metabolism. Self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), a lipidic type IV nano-formulation has been of interest in the field of pharmaceutical research due to its potential for tailoring the physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical molecules.

Methods: This review provides insights on various recent innovations and reports from the past seven years (2012-2019) of self-emulsifying formulations for the delivery of various types of poorly soluble drugs, phytoconstituents and high molecular peptides and gives exhaustive details of the outcome of the endeavors in this field.

Protein phase separation in mitosis.

Through phase separation, some proteins form liquid-like condensates or droplets which can flow, fuse, and even deform when pressure is applied. In some cases, the condensates 'mature' to form gel or solid-like structure. Recent studies suggest that the liquid-like condensates form the structural basis for several membrane-less subcellular organelles such as stress granules and other subcellular structures.