Comparison of selected clean and green extraction technologies for biomolecules from apple pomace.

Apple pomace has been considered as a sustainable source for antioxidant phenolic compounds. Previous reports show extraction of total phenolic contents (TPC) by following various conventional and non-conventional techniques; however, a comparative study has not been reported. In the present work, conventional extraction was compared with several non-conventional extraction methods including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), high-speed homogenization (HH).

Emerging food processing technologies and factors impacting their industrial adoption.

Innovative food processing technologies have been widely investigated in food processing research in recent years. These technologies offer key advantages for advancing the preservation and quality of conventional foods, for combatting the growing challenges posed by globalization, increased competitive pressures and diverse consumer demands. However, there is a need to increase the level of adoption of novel technologies to ensure the potential benefits of these technologies are exploited more by the food industry.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ): Exploring its implications in infectious diseases.

A key player in driving cellular immunity, IFN-γ is capable of orchestrating numerous protective functions to heighten immune responses in infections and cancers. It can exhibit its immunomodulatory effects by enhancing antigen processing and presentation, increasing leukocyte trafficking, inducing an anti-viral state, boosting the anti-microbial functions and affecting cellular proliferation and apoptosis. A complex interplay between immune cell activity and IFN-γ through coordinated integration of signals from other pathways involving cytokines and Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) such as Interleukin (IL)-4, TNF-α, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Type-I Interferons (IFNS) etc.

Pallister-Killian syndrome: Review of fetal phenotype.

Pallister-Killian syndrome is a multi-system sporadic disorder with developmental delay. It is a rare chromosomal abnormality involving supernumerary isochormosome 12p. The disorder exhibits tissue specific mosaicism.

Chemical Modifications of Lipids and Proteins by Nonthermal Food Processing Technologies.

A range of nonthermal techniques have demonstrated process efficacy in ensuring product safety, extension of shelf life, and in general a retention of key quality attributes. However, various physical, chemical and biochemical effects of nonthermal techniques on macro and micro nutrients are evident, leading to both desirable and undesirable changes in food products. The objective of this review is to outline the effects of nonthermal techniques on food chemistry and the associated degradation mechanisms with the treatment of foods.

Novel Sulfonated Co-poly(ether imide)s Containing Trifluoromethyl, Fluorenyl and Hydroxyl Groups for Enhanced Proton Exchange Membrane Properties: Application in Microbial Fuel Cell.

A hydroxyl group containing new cardo diamine monomer was synthesized, namely 9,9-bis (hydroxy- (4'-amino(3-trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-4-oxy)-phenyl)-9H-fluorene (mixture of isomers, HAPHPF). HAPHPF, along with a sulfonated diamine monomer, 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DSDSA), was used to prepare a series of new sulfonated copolyimides by polycondensation with 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA). The degree of sulfonation (DS < 1) was adjusted by the feed ratio of DSDSA/HAPHPF and the copolymers were named as DHN-XX, where XX denotes the mole percentage of DSDSA (XX = 50, 60, and 70).

Effect of Ultrasound Technology on Food and Nutritional Quality.

Ultrasound technology has been successfully demonstrated for several food processing and preservation applications. The majority of food processing applications reported refer to liquid foods. Ultrasound has been applied to solid foods in some niche applications, e.

State of the art of nonthermal and thermal processing for inactivation of micro-organisms.

Despite the constant development of novel thermal and nonthermal technologies, knowledge on the mechanisms of microbial inactivation is still very limited. Technologies such as high pressure, ultraviolet light, pulsed light, ozone, power ultrasound and cold plasma (advanced oxidation processes) have shown promising results for inactivation of micro-organisms. The efficacy of inactivation is greatly enhanced by combination of conventional (thermal) with nonthermal, or nonthermal with another nonthermal technique.

Bone augmentation as an adjunct to dental implant rehabilitation in patients with diabetes mellitus: A review of literature.

The aim of the present article is to review the success of bone augmentation performed as an adjunct to dental implant rehabilitation in patients with diabetes mellitus. A literature review was conducted in PubMed on this topic, which yielded a total of 102 publications. For inclusion, publications had to be human studies, written in English language and should report on the success of bone augmentation as an adjunct to dental implant rehabilitation in diabetic patients.

Effect of oral supplementation of composite leaf extract of medicinal plants on biomarkers of oxidative stress in induced diabetic Wistar rats.

Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oral supplementation of composite extract of leaves (CLE) of four medicinal plants; Aegle marmelos, Ocimum sanctum, Murraya koenigii and Azadirachta indica on markers of oxidative stress in brain tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats in vivo. Enhanced lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and reduced antioxidative defence systems were measured in brain tissues of diabetic rats. Supplementation of CLE, once in a day for 35 days significantly (p < .

Transcriptional regulation of acetyl CoA and lipid synthesis by P protein in Synechococcus PCC 7942.

P protein family is widespread in prokaryotes and plants. In this study, impacts of P deficiency on the synthesis of acetyl CoA and acetyl CoA carboxylase enzyme (ACCase) was analyzed in the Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 by evaluating the mRNA levels of pyruvate kinase (PK), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), citrate synthase (CS), biotin synthase (BS), biotin carboxylase (BC), biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), carboxyl transferase (CT) α and β subunits.

Fructooligosaccharides integrity after atmospheric cold plasma and high-pressure processing of a functional orange juice.

In this study, the effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma and high-pressure processing on the prebiotic orange juice was evaluated. Orange juice containing 7g/100g of commercial fructooligosaccharides (FOS) was directly and indirectly exposed to a plasma discharge at 70kV with processing times of 15, 30, 45 and 60s. For high-pressure processing, the juice containing the same concentration of FOS was treated at 450MPa for 5min at 11.

Host Infection beyond the Traditional Range of Sclerotium (Athelia) rolfsii with Physalis minima.

Physalis minima is an herbaceous plant and inhabitant of the porous and organic matter containing soil of bunds in crop fields, wastelands, around the houses, and on the roadsides. S. rolfsii is soil borne and it can infect over 500 plant species of different families.

Synthetic hospital wastewater treatment by coupling submerged membrane bioreactor and electrochemical advanced oxidation process: Kinetic study and toxicity assessment.

In this work, the combination of membrane bioreactor (MBR) and electro-oxidation (EO) process was studied for the treatment of a synthetic hospital wastewater fortified with four pharmaceutical pollutants namely carbamazepine (CBZ), ibuprofen (IBU), estradiol (E-E) at a concentration of 10 μg L venlafaxine (VEN) at 0.2 μg L. Two treatment configurations were studied: EO process as pre-treatment and post-treatment.

Retrotransposons Mimic Germ Plasm Determinants to Promote Transgenerational Inheritance.

Retrotransposons are a pervasive class of mobile elements present in the genomes of virtually all forms of life [1, 2]. In metazoans, these are preferentially active in the germline, which, in turn, mounts defenses that restrain their activity [3, 4]. Here we report that certain classes of retrotransposons ensure transgenerational inheritance by invading presumptive germ cells before they are formed.

Suppression of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated proinflammatory responses by protein Rv3529c.

Microorganisms are known to devise various strategies to thwart protective responses by the host. One such strategy is to incorporate sequences and domains in their genes/proteins that have similarity to various domains of the host proteins. In this study, we report that protein Rv3529c exhibits significant similarity to the death domain of the TLR pathway adaptor protein MyD88.

Application of chemometrics to assess the influence of ultrasound frequency, Lactobacillus sakei culture and drying on beef jerky manufacture: Impact on amino acid profile, organic acids, texture and colour.

The effects of ultrasound (US) frequency, addition of Lactobacillus sakei culture and drying time on key nutritional (protein, amino acids, and organic acids) and physicochemical properties (texture and colour) of cultured and uncultured beef jerky were evaluated. Cultured and uncultured jerky samples were subjected to US frequencies of 25kHz, 33kHz and 45kHz for 30min prior to marination and drying. Principal component analysis demonstrated a significant effect of beef jerky processing conditions on physicochemical properties.

Extraction and characterization of protein from Irish brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum.

This study investigates traditional and non-conventional methods of extraction of protein from Irish brown seaweed A. nodosum. Acid, alkali, combined acid-alkali with and without ultrasound pretreatment were investigated for extraction of protein from A.

Valorization of Apple Pomace by Extraction of Valuable Compounds.

Apple pomace is a promising source of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and other compounds with a vast range of food applications. This review focuses on the valorization of apple pomace towards the recovery of the main compounds, namely pectin and polyphenols. Applications, advantages, and drawbacks of conventional extraction (acidic medium under high temperatures) compared with novel extraction technologies are presented.

Enhancement of phytochemical content and drying efficiency of onions (Allium cepa L.) through blanching.

Background: This study investigated the effect of blanching (60, 70 and 80 °C for 1, 3, 5 and 10 min) combined with oven drying at 60 °C on the phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, colour and drying characteristics (drying time, drying rate constant, effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy) of onion slices.

Results: Blanching of onion slices at 60 °C for 3 min and at 70 °C for 1 min prior to drying increased their bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity compared to the control samples and other treatments. Eighteen drying models were evaluated.

Surface-charge effects on the electro-orientation of insulating boron-nitride nanotubes in aqueous suspension.

The alignment of hexagonal boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in aqueous KCl solutions under spatially uniform electric fields was examined experimentally, using direct optical visualization to probe the orientation dynamics of individual BNNTs for different electric-field frequencies. Different from most previously studied nanowires and nanotubes, BNNTs are wide-bandgap materials which are essentially insulating at room temperature. We analyze the electro-orientation of BNNTs in the general context of polarizable cylindrical particles in liquid suspensions, whose behavior can fall into different regimes, including alignment due to Maxwell-Wagner induced dipoles at high frequencies, and alignment due to fluid motion of the electrical double layer around the particles at lower frequencies.

Future Protein Supply and Demand: Strategies and Factors Influencing a Sustainable Equilibrium.

A growing global population, combined with factors such as changing socio-demographics, will place increased pressure on the world's resources to provide not only more but also different types of food. Increased demand for animal-based protein in particular is expected to have a negative environmental impact, generating greenhouse gas emissions, requiring more water and more land. Addressing this "perfect storm" will necessitate more sustainable production of existing sources of protein as well as alternative sources for direct human consumption.