The Membrane Potential Has a Primary Key Equation.

It is common to say that the origin of the membrane potential is attributed to transmembrane ion transport, but it is theoretically possible to explain its generation by the mechanism of ion adsorption. It has been previously suggested that the ion adsorption mechanism even leads to potential formulae identical to the famous Nernst equation or the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. Our further analysis, presented in this paper, indicates that the potential formula based on the ion adsorption mechanism leads to an equation that is a function of the surface charge density of the material and the surface potential of the material.

Analyses of HH and GHK equations with another perspective: Can ion adsorption also govern trans-membrane potential?

Two mathematically distinct physiological concepts, the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz eq. (GHK eq.) and the Hodgkin-Huxley model (HH model) were successfully associated with each other in a prior work.

The need for reconsideration of a mechanism of membrane potential generation using Ling's adsorption theory.

Membrane theory attributes the mechanism of generation of membrane potential to transmembrane ion transport, and is typified by the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation (GHK eq.). Despite broad acceptance of the GHK eq.

What can S-shaped potential profiles tell us about the mechanism of membrane potential generation?

Membrane theory attributes the generation mechanism of the membrane potential to transmembrane ion transport, while Cheng's ISE (Ion selective electrode) mechanism attributes the ISE potential generation to ion adsorption on to the ISE surface. Although the membrane potential generation mechanism is different from the ISE potential generation mechanism, both the membrane potential and the ISE potential exhibit quite similar characteristics. For instance, both become indifferent to the variation of the ion concentration in both the high and the low ion concentration environment.

GHK eq. and HH eq. for a real system is mathematically associable to each other but their physiological interpretation needs a reconsideration.

Despite the long and broad acceptance of the Goldman - Hodgkin - Katz equation (GHK eq.) and the Hodgkin - Huxley equation (HH eq.) as strong tools for the quantitative analysis of the membrane potential behavior, for a long time they have been utilized as separate concepts.