Tribasic lead maleate and lead maleate: synthesis and structural and spectroscopic characterizations.

We report on the synthesis and structure of tribasic lead maleate hemihydrate ([Pb4O3]C2H2(CO2)2.(1/2)H2O, TRIMAL) and lead maleate (PbC2H2(CO2)2, PBMAL). The structure of [Pb4O3]C2H2(CO2)2.

Synthesis and characterization of a family of structurally characterized dysprosium alkoxides for improved fatigue-resistance characteristics of PDyZT thin films.

Using either an ammoniacal route, the reaction between DyCl3, Na0, and HOR in liquid ammonia, or preferentially reacting Dy(N(SiMe3)2)3 with HOR in a solvent, we isolated a family of dysprosium alkoxides as [Dy(mu-ONep)2(ONep)]4 (1), (ONep)2Dy[(mu3-ONep)(mu-ONep)Dy(ONep)(THF)]2(mu-ONep) (2), (ONep)2Dy[(mu3-ONep)(mu-ONep)Dy(ONep)(py)]2(mu-ONep) (3), [Dy3(mu3-OBut)2(mu-OBut3(OBut)4(HOBut)2] (4), [Dy3(mu3-OBut)2(mu-OBut)3(OBut)4(THF)2] (5), [Dy3(mu3-OBut)2(mu-OBut)3(OBut)4(py)2] (6), (DMP)Dy(mu-DMP)4[Dy(DMP)2(NH3)]2 (7), [Dy(eta6-DMP)(DMP)2]2 (8), Dy(DMP)3(THF)3 (9), Dy(DMP)3(py)3 (10), Dy(DIP)3(NH3)2 (11), [Dy(eta6-DIP)(DIP)2]2 (12), Dy(DIP)3(THF)2 (13), Dy(DIP)3(py)3 (14), Dy(DBP)3(NH3) (15), Dy(DBP)3 (16), Dy(DBP)3(THF) (17), Dy(DBP)3(py)2 (18), [Dy(mu-TPS)(TPS2]2 (19), Dy(TPS)3(THF)3 (20), and Dy(TPS)3(py)3 (21), where ONep = OCH2CMe3, OBut) = OCMe3, DMP = OC6H3(Me)(2)-2,6, DIP = OC6H3(CHMe2)(2)-2,6, DBP = OC6H3(CMe3)(2)-2,6, TPS = OSi(C6H5)3, tol = toluene, THF = tetrahydrofuran, and py = pyridine. We were not able to obtain X-ray quality crystals of compounds 2, 8, and 9. The structures observed and data collected for the Dy compounds are consistent with those reported for its other congeners.

Genetic determinants of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Sinclair swine.

The role of genetic factors involved in the determination of risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in humans remains unclear owing to genetic heterogeneity and reliance on simplistic models of inheritance. Here, we report a statistical genetic analysis of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Sinclair swine (SSCM), a unique animal model for human CMM. Using complex segregation analysis a two-locus model involving an unknown major locus and a second locus that lies within or close to the swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) complex jointly determine risk of SSCM in pedigreed animals.

Common swine leucocyte antigen (SLA) haplotypes in NIH and Sinclair miniature swine have similar effects on the expression of an inherited melanoma.

Mixed lymphocyte culture and serological typing of NIH and Sinclair miniature swine indicate that the two herds share a common SLA haplotype. NIH haplotype a (International Haplotype H10) appears identical to Sinclair haplotype B, which has significant effects on the penetrance of Sinclair swine cutaneous malignant melanoma (SSCM). Offspring of crosses between melanoma-bearing Sinclair swine homozygous for the B haplotype and non-melanoma NIH aa swine have tumour incidence identical to Sinclair melanoma BB x Sinclair non-melanoma BB offspring.

Blood magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium and cortisol in drug-free depressed patients.

Many biochemical variables, including plasma and erythrocyte magnesium, were simultaneously measured in drug-free depressed patients (n = 34), compared to healthy controls (n = 35). Higher plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were observed in patients than in controls (+12 per cent, P < 0.0001 and 14 per cent, P < 0.

Adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation in depressed patients and control subjects.

We measured alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated platelet primary aggregation in depressed patients and healthy subjects. Both initial velocity and maximum amplitudes of platelet response to increasing concentrations of adrenaline were decreased in drug-free depressed patients as compared with controls. The EC50 of both initial slope and maximum amplitude were also increased in drug-free depressed patients.

[Erythrocyte membrane transport of amino acid precursors of monoamines in schizophrenic patients. Comparison with depressive patients].

The study concerned 72 schizophrenic and 200 depressed patients hospitalised between 1983 and 1990. The erythrocyte membrane transports (EMT) of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan (at 37 degrees, 0 degrees and 37-0 degrees) of schizophrenics without treatment nor depression were different compared to controls and depressed patients. The schizophrenics under neuroleptic treatment and/or depressed showed same means of EMT values as depressed patients.

Platelet membrane alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in depression.

The platelet membrane was used as a model system to examine alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in 30 depressed patients and 30 healthy control subjects. The number of binding sites and their affinity for 3H-UK 14304 (5-bromo-6-(2-imidazoline-2-ylamino)-quinoxaline), a potent, highly selective alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, was measured. Plasma magnesium and free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) concentrations were assayed in the same sample.

Developing and implementing a "basic science clerkship" for first-year students.

For over 15 years, human genetics at the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago (UICMC) was taught exclusively through lectures. In 1989-90 the authors revised this course for the graduating class of 1993 in order to incorporate many features found in a clerkship experience, such as oral presentations and the exploration of differential diagnoses through patient cases. In addition to lectures, the revised course consisted of small-group work in concentrated blocks of time, involving both a library research project and problem-based learning, each of which contributed to (1) significant gains in student achievement compared with data from the class of 1992 and (2) extremely favorable assessments from the students and faculty.

Inherited congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the rabbit: absent cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 gene expression.

We investigated adrenal steroidogenic enzymes, their activity and mRNA expression, and in vitro biosynthesis of an enzyme in rabbits with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH; weight: CAH, 19 +/- 5 mg/adrenal; normal, 2.7 +/- 1.0 mg/adrenal).

Decrease in epinephrine-induced attenuation of platelet adenylate cyclase activity in depressed patients: relation with plasma electrolytes.

We have measured the alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of platelet membrane adenylate cyclase in depressed patients and control subjects. The results showed a decrease in the forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase inhibition of depressed patients compared to the healthy subjects. This suggests a subsensitivity of alpha 2-adrenoceptor in depression.

Evolution of blood magnesium, sodium and potassium in depressed patients followed for three months.

No consensus has been obtained about blood electrolyte status, especially about magnesium, in affective disorders. This is mainly due to the lack of information about the distribution of the patients in clinical subgroups, sex, type of treatment and about the severity of their illnesses. Most of these studies concerned treated patients.

[Plasma MHPG, peripheral noradrenergic marker and hormonal plasma levels of cortisol-T3-T4-TSH in depressive syndromes].

Based on the hypocatecholaminergic hypothesis in the depressive syndromes, this survey on 30 depressed patients compared to 21 control patients, attempts to state exactly the potential interactions between the noradrenergic system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid neuroendocrine axis. The biological indices used during this survey are: total plasmatic MHPG, the basic plasmatic cortisol, the thyroid hormones T3, T4, free T4, and the TSH. The results of this survey reveal a significative increase of the basic plasmatic cortisol among the depressed patients, including dysthymics, a decrease of the plasmatic MHPG during major depressions, and a significant fall of the total T3 among depressed men, as well as some correlations between the different axes, the interpretation of which remains "ticklish".

[Plasma levels and membrane transports in red blood cell of tyrosine and tryptophane in depression. Evaluation at baseline and recovery].

The erythrocyte membrane transports (MT) of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan, as well as their plasma levels, were measured in 143 depressed patients after a wash-out period of one week and before any antidepressant treatment, and then at regular intervals until they recovered. 49 normal subjects served as a control group. The perturbations of these biologic variables at baseline were different according to diagnostic groups (DSM III), compared to controls: significant decrease of the two MT in depressed bipolar disorders; significant decrease of MT in depressed bipolar disorders; significant decrease of MT tyrosine and significant increase of MT tryptophan in recurrent major depressions; no significant changes of MT in dysthymic disorders.

Beta-adrenoceptor density of intact mononuclear leukocytes in subgroups of depressive disorders.

Binding parameters of (-)-iodopindolol to beta 2-adrenoceptors were determined on intact mononuclear cells in 41 untreated patients with different DSM-III subtypes of depression. Both maximal beta-receptor density (Bmax) and dissociation constant (Kd) were not significantly different between control and all depressed subjects. However, Bmax was significantly decreased in unipolar patients as compared to controls (p less than 0.

[Erythrocyte membrane transports of monoamine precursor amino acids in schizophrenia].

We have determined the erythrocyte membrane uptake of the monoamine precursors L-tyrosine (L-TYR) and L-tryptophane (L-TRYP) in 72 patients with schizophrenia: 21 without neuroleptic treatment and not depressed, 15 with neuroleptic treatment and depressed, 33 without neuroleptic treatment, 27 depressed, compared to: 59 control subjects, and 54 depressed patients. We found that the ratio of L-TYR facilitated membrane diffusion to that of L-TRYP is: decreased when the patients are depressed, increased when they are untreated. When untreated patients receive neuroleptics and are depressed, the ratio tends to equal that of depressed patients'.

Early decrease in density of mononuclear leukocyte beta-adrenoceptors in depressed patients following amineptine treatment: possible relation to clinical efficiency.

1. The effect of chronic amineptine treatment (200mg/day) on beta-adrenoceptor density of intact mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) was examined in unmedicated major unipolar depressed patients. 2.

[Different aspects of the cognitive activities of patients with schizophrenia. IV. Imbalance between assertions and negations].

Not being able to equilibrate affirmations and negations, the schizophrenic patient accedes only exceptionally to the majoring equilibrations of the second and third levels. In the logico-mathematic field, he does not approach the constructive synthetizing generalisations of reasoning. Lacking reflective abstraction, he cannot balance his logico-mathematic reasoning and differentiate what is structurally possible from what is materially possible, thus explaining his inaccessibility to perceive logic necessities, contrasting with the certainties of his delirium.

[Neuropsychological functioning in hebephrenic patients. Comparison between visual and auditory stimuli initially projected either in one or in both cerebral hemispheres].

The performances of 14 hebephrenic patients and 14 normal subjects were studied through visual and auditory tests concerning the comparison of the number of stimuli projected either in the left, or in the right, or in both cerebral hemispheres. Schizophrenic patients were less efficient than normal subjects and, in both populations, no difference in the performances with regard to the locus of projection was observed. This suggests that information processing in schizophrenia might be deficient not only at the level of interhemispheric connections, but also in intrahemispheric functioning.

Immunohistochemical mapping of delta sleep-inducing peptide in the cat brain and hypophysis. Relationships with the LHRH system and corticotropes.

Using the indirect immunofluorescence method, the distribution of the delta sleep-inducing peptide was studied in the cat brain and hypophysis. Delta sleep-inducing peptide-like-immunoreactive cell bodies mostly visualized in colchicine-pretreated animals were mainly found scattered throughout the diagonal band of Broca, the ventral septum and the anterior hypothalamic areas. A few immunoreactive cell somata were also seen in the ventrolateral hypothalamic area and more occasionally in the triangular septal nucleus.

[Erythrocyte membrane transport of tyrosine and tryptophan and plasma level of MHPG in depressive disorders].

Both plasma MHPG level and red blood cell membrane transports (TM) of L-tyrosine (L-TYR) and L-tryptophan (L-TRY) were evaluated in 29 depressed patients and compared to 16 control subjects. On the basis of MHPG plasmatic levels, we were able to define two subgroups in the depressed population showing a biological homogeneity: in the first one, both MHPG level and TYR TM decreased, while in the second one neither of these indices were disturbed. These biological features were not related to the nosographic subgroups.