Models for COVID-19 Early Cardiac Pathology Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Objectives: The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 associated cardiac complications are heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms, including arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock. For COVID-19 patients with cardiac sequela, only a small subset of patients have myocarditis; the pathogenesis of cardiac sequela caused by SARS-CoV-2 other than microthrombi associated sequela remains to be determined.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 71 heart autopsy specimens from COVID-19 and putative COVID-19 in the NIH COVID Digital Pathology Repository.

COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is required for COVID-19, but many signs and symptoms of COVID-19 differ from common acute viral diseases. SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary but not sufficient for development of clinical COVID-19 disease. Currently, there are no approved pre- or post-exposure prophylactic COVID-19 medical countermeasures.

COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is required for COVID-19, but many signs and symptoms of COVID-19 differ from common acute viral diseases. Currently, there are no pre- or post-exposure prophylactic COVID-19 medical countermeasures. Clinical data suggest that famotidine may mitigate COVID-19 disease, but both mechanism of action and rationale for dose selection remain obscure.

Use of adjunctive prednisolone in the management of a cat with bilateral quadriceps contracture following trauma.

Case Summary: A 6-month-old cat was successfully treated for bilateral quadriceps contracture. Conventional treatments including surgery, dynamic flexion apparatus and physical therapy along with analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs resulted in temporary clinical improvement that was relapsing. The initiation of supplementary corticosteroid treatment with prednisolone coincided with an immediate and sustained clinical improvement and long-term resolution.

The inheritance of extra-hepatic portosystemic shunts and elevated bile acid concentrations in Maltese dogs.

Objectives: To determine the heritability of extra-hepatic portosystemic shunts and elevated post-prandial serum bile acid concentrations in Maltese dogs.

Materials And Methods: Maltese dogs were recruited and investigated by a variable combination of procedures including dynamic bile acid testing, rectal ammonia tolerance testing, ultrasonography, portal venography, surgical inspection or necropsy. In addition, nine test matings were carried out between affected and affected dogs, and affected and unaffected dogs.

Ultrasonographic and surgical findings of a gastric hyperplastic polyp resulting in pyloric obstruction in an 11-week-old French Bulldog.

An 11-week-old male entire French Bulldog was presented with a 3-week history of projectile vomiting after eating that was unresponsive to medical therapy. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a 1 x 2 cm pedunculated polypoid mass in the pyloric antrum. Histopathology showed this to be comprised of a pedunculated hyperplastic proliferation of gastric mucosal epithelium and submucosa, with dilatation of the glandular pits and a moderate degree of submucosal fibrosis and small amount of smooth muscle hyperplasia in the submucosa.

Nocardia infections in cats: a retrospective multi-institutional study of 17 cases.

Objective: To record 17 cases of nocardiosis in cats from eastern Australia and to compare this series with cases previously reported.

Design: Retrospective/prospective study.

Results: Nocardia spp infections were diagnosed in 17 cats over 14 years from the three eastern states of Australia.

The prevalence of feline A/B blood types in the Sydney region.

Objective: To determine the distribution of A/B blood types in pedigree and crossbred cats in the Sydney region, and to estimate the associated risk of administering incompatible blood in an unmatched random transfusion.

Design: A prospective/retrospective study of blood specimens collected from both sick and healthy cats.

Materials And Methods: Blood was collected from 355 cats from the Sydney region over a 12-year period from 1992 to 2003.

Outcomes of cellophane banding for congenital portosystemic shunts in 106 dogs and 5 cats.

Objective: To report outcomes after cellophane banding of single congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs and cats.

Study Design: Retrospective study of sequential cases.

Animals: One hundred and six dogs and five cats.

Diaphragmatic hernia in a cat mimicking a pulmonary mass.

A seven-year-old castrated British shorthair cross cat was presented for coughing of five-weeks duration. Thoracic radiographs and an unguided bronchoalveolar lavage showed changes consistent with inflammatory airway disease. In addition, a soft tissue density was evident in the thoracic films between the heart and the diaphragm.

Gastroduodenal ulceration in cats: eight cases and a review of the literature.

Gastroduodenal ulceration (GU) and blood loss was diagnosed in eight cats and compared with 25 previously reported cases of feline GU. Cats with GU presented in a critical condition. Clinical signs consistent with gastrointestinal bleeding were infrequently identified although anaemia was a common finding.

Intestinal obstruction by trichobezoars in five cats.

Between 1997 and 1999, five domestic crossbred cats (four long haired, one short haired) presented with a palpable abdominal mass and were shown to have small intestinal trichobezoars at laparotomy or necropsy. Hair balls were associated with partial or complete intestinal obstruction and were situated in the proximal jejunum to distal ileum. In four cats obstructions were simple, while the remaining cat had a strangulating obstruction.

Skin-fold advancement flaps for closing large proximal limb and trunk defects in dogs and cats.

Objective: To describe the use of skin-fold advancement flaps for covering large skin defects in dogs and cats.

Study Design: Clinical study.

Animals: Eight client-owned animals: 6 dogs and 2 cats.

Neurological dysfunction in dogs following attenuation of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts.

Eleven of 89 dogs (12 per cent) developed neurological signs within six days of surgical attenuation of a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Neurological signs were not associated with hepatic encephalopathy or hypoglycaemia. Signs varied in severity from non-progressive ataxia (three dogs) to generalised motor seizures (four dogs), progressing to status epilepticus (three dogs).

Congenital portosystemic shunts in toy and miniature poodles.

Three male Poodles (two Toy, one Miniature) were presented to their veterinarians for evaluation of urolithiasis and varying degrees of hepatic encephalopathy. All three dogs were diagnosed as having intrahepatic shunts and referred for surgical correction. In each case, shunts arose from the right branch of the portal vein and were amenable to perivascular dissection caudal to where the vessel entered the hepatic parenchyma and to placement of perivascular cellophane bands to achieve shunt attenuation.

Management of perianal fistulae in five dogs using azathioprine and metronidazole prior to surgery.

Objective: To evaluate combination therapy with azathioprine and metronidazole in German Shepherd Dogs with perianal fistulae.

Design: Prospective study.

Procedure: Five dogs (31.

Surgical removal of an ependymoma from the third ventricle of a cat.

A 10-year-old spayed domestic shorthaired cat was presented for behavioural changes, signs suggestive of visual deficits and aimless circling. Neuro-ophthalmological examination suggested the cat had central blindness. CT scans following administration of iohexol demonstrated a contrast-enhancing mass in the vicinity of the third ventricle resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus.

Congenital interruption of the portal vein and caudal vena cava in dogs: six case reports and a review of the literature.

Objective: To describe six dogs with congenital abnormalities involving the portal vein, caudal vena cava, or both.

Animals: Six client-owned dogs with congenital interruption of the portal vein or the caudal vena cava, or both.

Methods: Portal vein and caudal vena cava anatomy was evaluated by contrast radiography and visualization at surgery.

Anatomy of the ductus venosus in neonatal dogs (Canis familiaris).

Anatomical features of the ductus venosus in 84 neonatal dogs are described. The ductus venosus was a straight conduit 1-3 mm wide and 4-12 mm long in pups with a crown-rump length of 80-200 mm. It arose from the left main portal vein branch opposite the umbilical vein, passed between the left lateral liver lobe and the papillary process of the caudate lobe, and terminated in the dorsal aspect of the proximal part of the left hepatic vein.

Glomerulopathy in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts.

Kidney specimens from 12 dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts were examined histologically. Glomerulopathy of variable severity was present in the kidney sections of all 12. Marked irregular thickening of the glomerular capillary wall was the most prominent pathological change, the renal interstitium being largely unaffected.

Post-prandial serum bile acid concentrations and ammonia tolerance in Maltese dogs with and without hepatic vascular anomalies.

Post-prandial serum bile acid concentrations were measured in 200 Maltese dogs in an attempt to identify those with subclinical portosystemic shunts. Five of these were later shown to have hepatic pathology or abnormal liver function. In the other 195 Maltese, bile acid concentrations ranged from 1 to 362 mumol.