Gene Expression of Pneumocystis murina after Treatment with Anidulafungin Results in Strong Signals for Sexual Reproduction, Cell Wall Integrity, and Cell Cycle Arrest, Indicating a Requirement for Ascus Formation for Proliferation.

The echinocandins are a class of antifungal agents that target β-1,3-d-glucan (BG) biosynthesis. In the ascigerous species, treatment with these drugs depletes the ascus life cycle stage, which contains BG, but large numbers of forms which do not express BG remain in the infected lungs. In the present study, the gene expression profiles of were compared between infected, untreated mice and mice treated with anidulafungin for 2 weeks to understand the metabolism of the persisting forms.

Encoding and retrieval are differentially processed by the anterior cingulate and prelimbic cortices: a study based on trace eyeblink conditioning in the rabbit.

A growing body of literature suggests that structures along the midline of the prefrontal cortex (mPFC), including Brodmann's area 32 (prelimbic cortex) and area 24 (anterior cingulate cortex) in the rabbit play a role in retrieval of learned information. The present studies compared the effects of post-training lesions produced either immediately or 1-week following learning, to either prelimbic (area 32) or anterior cingulate (area 24) cortex on trace eyeblink (EB) conditioning. Further, because recent evidence suggests that the mPFC may play an even greater role in learning and memory when emotional arousal is low, these studies compared the effects of lesions in groups conditioned with either a relatively low-arousal corneal airpuff, or a more aversive periorbital eyeshock unconditioned stimulus (US).

Attitudes, activities, and involvement in nursing research among psychiatric nurses in a public-sector facility.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore attitudes, activities, and involvement in nursing research among psychiatric nurses practicing in a public-sector facility. A convenience sample of 90 nurses was asked to complete the Probe Nursing Research Questionnaire (PNRQ) and the Selby Research Attitude Inventory (SRAI). Nurses demonstrated positive attitudes toward nursing research by SRAI scores.

Decompressive bifrontal craniectomy in the treatment of severe refractory posttraumatic cerebral edema.

Objective: The management of malignant posttraumatic cerebral edema remains a frustrating endeavor for the neurosurgeon and the intensivist. Mortality and morbidity rates remain high despite refinements in medical and pharmacological means of controlling elevated intracranial pressure; therefore, a comparison of medical management versus decompressive craniectomy in the management of malignant posttraumatic cerebral edema was undertaken.

Methods: At the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, 35 bifrontal decompressive craniectomies were performed on patients suffering from malignant posttraumatic cerebral edema.

The Traumatic Coma Data Bank: a nursing perspective, Part II.

The Traumatic Coma Data Bank (TCDB) was a collaborative project undertaken to study the nature and course of severe head injury. Evolution of nursing goals includes collection of data, communication, new clinical observations, designing future research projects, education and legislative impact. Management issues inherent in the collaborative research project are defining, collecting, entering, and analyzing and publishing results.

The Traumatic Coma Data Bank: a nursing perspective, Part I.

The Traumatic Coma Data Bank (TCDB) was a collaborative project undertaken to study the nature and causes of severe head injury, allowing patients similar in age, severity of insults and neurological and physical symptoms to be compared in terms of outcome. Systematic uniform data were collected during the prehospital, acute and rehabilitative phases on 581 patients from 6 centers during the pilot phase of the TCDB, June 1, 1979 through May 31, 1982. The pilot phase successfully determined that a collaborative approach to studying head injury was feasible and additional information gained was incorporated into the main phase April, 1983 through April, 1988.