"Visualization matters" - stereoscopic visualization of 3D graphic neuroanatomic models through AnaVu enhances basic recall and radiologic anatomy learning when compared with monoscopy.

Background: The authors had previously developed AnaVu, a low-resource 3D visualization tool for stereoscopic/monoscopic projection of 3D models generated from pre-segmented MRI neuroimaging data. However, its utility in neuroanatomical education compared to conventional methods (specifically whether the stereoscopic or monoscopic mode is more effective) is still unclear.

Methods: A three-limb randomized controlled trial was designed.

Prospective Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Safety and Efficacy of Perclose Proglide Vascular Closure Device in Neurovascular Interventions.

Background: Most of the neurointerventional procedures use various anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and fibrinolytic drugs, and it can predispose arterial access site complications. Safe and efficient closure arteriotomy site has extreme importance in reducing the morbidity. Percutaneous vascular closure devices (VCDs) enable us to close the arteriotomy sites.

Incidentally detected right aortic arch with mirror image branching in a patient with rheumatic calcific mitral valve disease.

An isolated right-sided aortic arch with no congenital heart disease is extremely rare. We report an adult woman with longstanding rheumatic heart disease causing severe calcific mitral stenosis, moderate mitral regurgitation and moderate pulmonary hypertension, for which she underwent mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty. On preoperative work-up, she was detected to have a right-sided aortic arch with mirror image branching along with a ductal dimple.

CNS small vessel vasculitis: Distinct MRI features and histopathological correlation.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is an uncommon disease, which is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for physicians. Large and medium vessel vasculitis is relatively easy to diagnose by angiogram compared to small vessel vasculitis, where angiograms are often normal; imaging features described till date are sensitive but not specific.

Purpose: Here, we describe distinct magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of CNS small vessel vasculitis.

Dwell Time of Stentriever Influences Complete Revascularization and First-Pass TICI 3 Revascularization in Acute Large Vessel Occlusive Stroke.

Objective: In acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion, the interaction between the clot retriever and the stent is critical for achieving successful recanalization. The ideal time of stent deployment (dwell time [DT]) to improve revascularization is currently unknown. We systematically analyzed the effect of different DT on final angiographic and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy.

The making of indigenous vascular prosthesis.

Background & Objectives: Vascular illnesses are on the rise in India, due to increase in lifestyle diseases and demographic transition, requiring intervention to save life, organ or limbs using vascular prosthesis. The aim of this study was to develop indigenous large diameter vascular graft for treatment of patients with vascular pathologies.

Methods: The South India Textile Research Association, at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, developed seamless woven polyester (Polyethylene terephthalate) graft at its research wing.

The application of susceptibility-weighted MRI in pre-interventional evaluation of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Background And Purpose: Detection and characterization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is important to plan appropriate therapeutic management. The aim of this study was to analyze the utility of susceptibility-weighted MRI (SWI) in the pre-therapeutic assessment of DAVF in comparison with gold standard digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Materials And Methods: Prospectively, 26 patients with DAVFs underwent a thorough clinical examination and MRI including SWI followed by cerebral DSA.

Rosette forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle in squash cytology smear.

Rosette forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) is a recently recognized and extremely rare glioneuronal tumor occurring in the fourth ventricle. It is crucial for the cytopathologist to be aware of this entity as it can be easily mistaken for more common neoplasms occurring at this site. We present here the cytology of such a rare case of RGNT that was misdiagnosed as ependymoma.

Neuroenteric cysts of the brain-comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging.

Neuroenteric cysts are developmental cysts that should be differentiated from other, more common non-neoplastic cysts as well as cystic neoplasms. While these lesions may have varied imaging findings, T1 hyperintense prepontine lesion due to mucinous/proteinaceous content is characteristic. Location and imaging characteristics aid in formulating the correct diagnosis of neuroepithelial/neuroenteric cysts.

Multimodality imaging of carotid atherosclerotic plaque: Going beyond stenosis.

Apart from the degree of stenosis, the morphology of carotid atherosclerotic plaques and presence of neovascularization are important factors that may help to evaluate the risk and 'vulnerability' of plaques and may also influence the choice of treatment. In this article, we aim to describe the techniques and imaging findings on CTA, high resolution MRI and contrast enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. We also discuss a few representative cases from our institute with the related clinical implications.

Imaging signs in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Are these signs seen in secondary intracranial hypertension too?

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in the occurrence of the various "traditional" imaging signs of intracranial hypertension (IIH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with idiopathic (IIH) and secondary intracranial hypertension.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective analysis, the MRI findings of 21 patients with IIH and 60 patients with secondary intracranial hypertension (41 with tumors; 19 with intracranial venous hypertension) were evaluated for the presence or absence of various "traditional" imaging signs of IIH (perioptic nerve sheath distention, vertical buckling of optic nerve, globe flattening, optic nerve head protrusion and empty sella) using the Fisher's exact test. Odds ratios were also calculated.

Spontaneous intracranial hypo and hypertensions: an imaging review.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure changes can manifest as either intracranial hypertension or hypotension. The idiopathic forms are largely under or misdiagnosed. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension occurs due to reduced CSF pressure usually as a result of a spontaneous dural tear.

Applications of 3D CISS sequence for problem solving in neuroimaging.

Three-dimensional (3D) constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a gradient-echo MRI sequence that is used to investigate a wide range of pathologies when routine MRI sequences do not provide the desired anatomic information. The increased sensitivity of the 3D CISS sequence is an outcome of the accentuation of the T2 values between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and pathological structures. Apart from its well-recognized applications in the evaluation of the cranial nerves, CSF rhinorrhea and aqueduct stenosis, we have found the CISS sequence to be useful for the cisternal spaces, cavernous sinuses and the ventricular system, where it is useful for detecting subtle CSF-intensity lesions that may be missed on routine spin-echo sequences.

Susceptibility-weighted imaging in differentiating bilateral medial thalamic venous and arterial infarcts.

Bilateral medial thalamic infarcts may be due to thrombosis of internal cerebral veins or occlusion of artery of Percheron. Conventional MR imaging is often not helpful in differentiating the two. We discuss two cases in whom susceptibility-weighted imaging, including phase images contributed in demonstrating the thrombosed or patent internal cerebral veins.

Clinical utility of susceptibility-weighted imaging in vascular diseases of the brain.

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a rapidly evolving technique that utilizes both the magnitude and phase information to obtain valuable information about susceptibility changes between tissues. SWI is very sensitive to the paramagnetic effects of deoxyhemoglobin. SWI plays an important role in the diagnostic evaluation and management of acute stroke.