Persistence of Anti-Rabies Antibody Response in Horses Following Vaccination.

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease affecting all mammalian species. It is caused by the rabies virus and is prevalent worldwide. Horses are not commonly infected with rabies but their vaccination is recommended due to the potential zoonotic risk.

First Detection of Anti- spp. Antibodies in Equids in Israel and the Palestinian Authority.

is a tissue cyst forming coccidia, which affects multiple host species worldwide. Equine besnoitiosis is characterized mainly by generalized skin lesions and cysts in the scleral conjunctiva. Recent reports revealed exposure to in equines in Europe and the United States.

High infection rates of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle, sheep and pigs from Israel.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa, which causes the zoonotic disease toxoplasmosis. T. gondii infects almost all warm blood animals.

Neospora-related abortions in sheep in Israel - A serological diagnostic challenge in an endemic area.

Abortions in sheep flocks is a common multifactorial problem, which affects animal productivity and welfare. Israel is endemic to several infectious abortifacient pathogens, with neosporosis identified as a prominent cause. High seroprevalence of N.

spp. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Seropositivity in Apparently Healthy Horses and Pregnant Mares.

Equine infection has been linked to neurological disorders and infertility in horses. This study looked into the risk factors for infection and the exposure to spp. in horses.

Fecal Microbiome Features Associated with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Carriage in Dairy Heifers.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are a growing public health threat, and one key human exposure point is through livestock and the food supply. Understanding microbiome factors associated with fecal ESBL carriage can help detect and ideally assist with controlling and preventing ESBL dissemination among livestock. The objective of this study was to investigate the diversity and composition of the heifer fecal microbiota in ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) carriers and noncarriers.

Virus Infection in Equine.

The relationship between men and horses has significantly evolved over the last century [...

Equine Encephalosis Virus.

Equine encephalosis (EE) is an arthropod-borne, noncontagious, febrile disease of horses. It is caused by EE virus (EEV), an of the Reoviridae family transmitted by . Within the EEV serogroup, seven serotypes (EEV-1-7) have been identified to date.

The involvement of protozoan parasites in sheep abortions - A ten-year review of diagnostic results.

Abortions in sheep flocks affect animal health and lead to significant losses in productivity, with severe economic consequences. In recent years, the role of protozoan parasites as the cause of ovine abortions has been significant. Here, the diagnosis of infectious causes of abortions in sheep in Israel in the last decade is reviewed, focusing on parasitic pathogens.

West Nile Virus in Common Wild Avian Species in Israel.

In order to evaluate the contribution of different wild bird species to West Nile virus (WNV) circulation in Israel, during the months preceding the 2018 outbreak that occurred in Israel, we randomly sampled 136 frozen carcasses of a variety of avian species. Visceral and central nervous system (CNS) tissue pools were tested using WNV NS2A RT qPCR assay; of those, 15 (11.03%, 95% CI: 6.

Establishing -Free Tick Colony Following Treatment of the Host with Diminazene Aceturate (Berenil).

is a widely-spread tick-borne hemoparasite of cattle with major economic and animal welfare consequences. is a one-host tick which transmits bovine babesiosis in the Middle East and Africa. Laboratory rearing of ixodid ticks is essential for the investigation on ticks or tick-borne diseases.

The Effect of Vaccination with Live-Frozen Tachyzoites on Abortion Rates of Naturally Infected Pregnant Cows.

Neosporosis is a major cause of abortions in cattle worldwide. Recently a live attenuated vaccine showing promising results in preventing abortions, when administered at mid-pregnancy to seropositive cows, was developed. In this study, vaccination with 2 × 10 live frozen tachyzoites (NcIs491) was used to immunize naturally infected seropositive pregnant dairy dams.

Serological and Molecular Prevalence of in Apparently Healthy Horses in Israel.

is a tick-borne hemoparasite of equines and one of the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis, which poses a great concern for the equine industry regarding animal welfare and international horse movement. The parasite is endemic in Israel; however, its seroprevalence in the area was never evaluated due to antigenic heterogenicity in the gene used in the commercially available kit. Blood samples were collected from 257 horses at 19 farms throughout the country and screened for the presence of anti- antibodies via an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and for the presence of parasite DNA by nested PCR.

Seroprevalence of spp. in Horses in Israel.

Leptospirosis has been reported in both humans and animals in Israel but has not been reported in horses. In 2018, an outbreak of spp. serogroup Pomona was reported in humans and cattle in Israel.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Exposure to Equine Coronavirus in Apparently Healthy Horses in Israel.

Equine coronavirus (ECoV) infection is the cause of an emerging enteric disease of adult horses. Outbreaks have been reported in the USA, EU and Japan, as well as sporadic cases in the UK and Saudi Arabia. Infection of ECoV in horses in Israel has never been reported, and the risk of exposure is unknown.

Detection of Infection in Aborted Equine Fetuses in Israel.

In horses, and have been associated with fetal loss, and neurological disease, respectively. This study investigated the role of spp. infection in equine abortion in Israel.

Twenty Years of Equine Piroplasmosis Research: Global Distribution, Molecular Diagnosis, and Phylogeny.

Equine piroplasmosis (EP), caused by the hemoparasites , , and , is an important tick-borne disease of equines that is prevalent in most parts of the world. Infection may affect animal welfare and has economic impacts related to limitations in horse transport between endemic and non-endemic regions, reduced performance of sport horses and treatment costs. Here, we analyzed the epidemiological, serological, and molecular diagnostic data published in the last 20 years, and all DNA sequences submitted to GenBank database, to describe the current global prevalence of these parasites.

High Exposure to and Spp. in Donkeys in Israel: Serological Survey and Case Reports.

and spp. are closely related cyst-forming coccidian parasites, which infect various animal species and have considerable zoonotic and economic implications, respectively. Both parasites are endemic in Israel and have been reported to infect wild and domestic animals.

West Nile virus neutralizing antibody prevalence in donkeys from northern Nigeria.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anti-West Nile virus (WNV) neutralizing antibodies in donkeys from two areas in northern Nigeria.

Methods: Serology was determined by a virus neutralization test in samples collected from 205 healthy adult donkeys.

Results: Fifty-seven donkeys (27.

Exposure of Horses in Israel to West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus.

West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are arboviruses transmitted by mosquito vectors. Whereas WNV is endemic in Israel, the Middle East, Europe, and in the Americas, data regarding the prevalence of USUV in the Middle East is limited. While both viruses share similar reservoirs and vectors, exposure of horses in the area to USUV have never been assessed.

Infection dynamics of Theileria equi in carrier horses is associated with management and tick exposure.

The tick-borne equine hemoparasite, Theileria equi, is endemic in many parts of the world where prevalence may be high, and most infected horses are apparently healthy but serve as life-long carriers. To determine the factors that affect T. equi dynamics, we followed parasitic loads in apparently healthy horses at four time points during one year.

Parasite load and genotype are associated with clinical outcome of piroplasm-infected equines in Israel.

Background: Equine piroplasmosis is a highly endemic protozoan disease of horses worldwide, caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. While most horses in endemic areas are subclinically infected, the mechanisms leading to clinical outcome are vastly unknown. Moreover, since clinical signs of disease are not specific, and the prevalence in endemic areas is high, it is difficult to determine if equine piroplasmosis is the cause of disease.

Potential tick vectors for Theileria equi in Israel.

Theileria equi Mehlhorn and Schein, 1998 (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) is an important tick-borne pathogen of horses that is highly endemic in many parts of the world, including Israel. The present study evaluated the potential roles of five hard tick species [Hyalomma excavatum Koch, 1844; Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844; Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantsev 1936; Rhipicephalus annulatus Say, 1821; Haemaphysalis parva (Neumann, 1897) (all: Ixodida: Ixodidae)], previously found to infest horses in Israel, in acting as vectors for piroplasmosis. For this, DNA was extracted from whole ticks and, when possible, from the salivary glands in each species (n = 10-59).

Transplacental Transmission of Is Not a Common Cause of Abortions and Infection of Foals in Israel.

Although the main route of transmission of is through tick feeding, transplacental transmission is also possible and may lead to abortion, or to the birth of a sick or carrier foal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of as a cause of abortions in Israel and the risk of foals being infected at a young age. Eight aborting mares were serologically evaluated for exposure to via the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and their aborted fetuses were evaluated using PCR and qPCR.