[Transformation of secondary myelodysplastic syndrome to atypical chronic myeloid leukemia in a female patient with acute myeloid leukemia].

Secondary myeloid neoplasia may be a complication of intensive cytostatic therapy. The most common types of secondary neoplasias are acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. The development of secondary atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) is an extremely rare phenomenon.

[Aberrant methylation of the promoter regions of the SOX7 and p15INK4b genes and Wnt signaling pathway antagonists in patients with acute myeloid leukemias].

Aim: to investigate the methylation status of the SOX7 and p15NK4b genes and Wnt signaling pathway antagonists in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in order to assess the association of the rate of aberrant methylation (AM) with the morphological variant and pattern of chromosomal aberrations, as well as the impact of the methylation status on survival.

Subjects And Methods: The data of 57 AML patients aged 20 to 79 years were analyzed. The methylation status of the genes was studied by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.

[The specific features of diagnosis of mixed-phenotype acute leukemia: A combination of B-cell antigen expressions according to the results of flow cytometry and morphological markers of myeloid differentiation in blast cells: A clinical case].

This rare type of acute leukemia, blast cells of which express myeloid and/or lymphoid markers, is mainly diagnosed using flow cytometric findings. The paper describes a clinical case of mixed-phenotype acute leukemia, in which B-cell lymphoid antigen expressions were revealed by a flow cytometric technique, while bone marrow morphological specimens showed the signs of myeloid differentiation specific to blast cells. It is concluded that there is a need for a comprehensive examination of patients with new-onset acute leukemia and for an aggregate analysis of flow cytometric results with morphological and cytochemical findings.

[Heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia with the translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22)].

Aim: To characterize the clinical and hematological variability of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) and to identify the signs associated with the likelihood of its relapse.

Subjects And Methods: The results of examining 44 patients aged 11 to 70 years were analyzed; the efficiency of treatment was evaluated in 36. Their karyotypes were studied using the standard GTG method.

[Activity of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in bone marrow plasma of patients with acute myeloid leukemia].

Prognostic significance of the ratio of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities (MMP-2/MMP-9) have been investigated in bone marrow plasma (BMP) of 53 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using the method of zymography. During BMP collection 33 patients were diagnosed with complete remission (CR) and 22 patients without CR. The ratio MMP-2/MMP-9 was approximately 1.

[Complex karyotype is a marker of very poor prognosis in over 70-year-old patients with acute myeloid leukemia and extended types of myelodysplastic syndrome and high comorbidity index].

Aim: To identify a category of persons with very low overall survival (OS) rates, whose intensive chemotherapy is unreasonable, amongst the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with extended forms of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and complex karyotype.

Materials And Methods: OS rates were retrospectively analyzed in 41 patients with AML and 26 with MDS; their median age was 61 years (range 15 to 77 years). Thirty-four (50.

[FLT3 and NPM1 gene mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemias and the impact of FLT3-ITD mutations on the survival of patients with a normal karyotype].

Aim: To estimate the extent of FLT3 and NPM1 gene mutations and the impact of mutations of FLT3-ITD on the survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemias (AML).

Materials And Methods: The nucleus-containing cells of bone marrow and blood were studied in 43 patients with AML. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of total genomic DNA was applied.

[Investigation of FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and mixed myeloid diseases].

Two FLT3-ITD mutations, one FLT3-TKD) and five NPM1 mutations were detected in 7 patients with de novo myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) out of 44 cases of MDS and MDS/mixed myeloid diseases. Expression of one of the three investigated mutations was identified: 4 in gene NPM1 (9.1%) and 2--FLT3-ITD (4.

[Clinical significance of lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokine-producing activity of blood cells in patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome].

Lymphocyte subpopulation composition and spontaneous production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by blood cells were studied in 22 and 15 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), respectively, who were under immunosuppressive therapy (IST). Patients with hematological response revealed a significantly increased cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocyte concentration and TNF-alpha production. A direct correlation between TNF-alpha production rate and CD8+ lymphocyte level was established.

[Prognostic potential of morphological and cytogenetic indices in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome].

Aim: To examine prognostic potential of the number of bone marrow (BM) blasts and cell karyotype as risk factors of transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in acute myeloblastic leukemia AML.

Material And Method: The analysis of examination was made for 72 patients with primary MDS in the groups formed by number of blasts in BM, karyotype and IPSS variant. MDS was diagnosed by WHO criteria.

[Clinical biological features of mixed myeloid diseases].

Aim: To characterize patients with mixed myeloid neoplasias with proliferation of neutrophils, platelets and eosinophils.

Material And Methods: Examination and treatment results were analysed for patients with atypical myeloid leukemia (n = 4), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, n = 1) and thrombocytosis, MDS and eosinophilia (n = 1). The examination included morphological, histological, cytogenetic and molecular tests.

[Anticytosine therapy for primary myelodysplastic syndrome].

A pilot study of anticytocine therapy (PCD) was carried out in 9 patients with primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). After 12 weeks, 2 patients (22%) showed hematological response cutting down the need for washed-out erythrocyte transfusions by half or more. MDS progression at different stages was reported in 4; transformation to acute myeloleukemia--2.

[The classification and current therapy of acquired aplastic anemia in children].

The treatment of 77 children suffering from acquired aplastic anemia (AAA) in the Petersburg Pediatric Hematological Center allowed the authors to distinguish three groups of patients according to the disease severity: severe, moderate and mild. The groups differed by clinicohematological parameters and treatment results. With reference to the above classification conventional combined treatment with hormones and splenectomy is uneffective in groups 1 and 2, but is able to induce remission in half the patients with mild disease.

[Clinical importance of the results of cloning hematopoietic cells from patients with leukemias and hematopoietic dysplasias].

The authors describe the results of the cloning of hemopoietic cells from 85 patients with different patterns of nonlymphoblastic leukemias in the agar drop--liquid medium system. It is shown that measurement of the colony-stimulating activity of hemopoietic cells and their growth pattern as well as morphological study of the cultures can be employed in practical hematology for making diagnosis and differential diagnosis, for evaluation of the treatment efficacy and prediction of the disease prognosis. The presence of blast colonies, an increase in the number of cell aggregations is regarded as an unfavourable prognostic criterion.

[Nature of stromal elements of the human bone marrow capable of releasing humoral stimulators of precursor cells of granulomonocytopoiesis].

Whole bone marrow fragments of trepanobiopsies of the upper flaring portion of the ilium were cultivated over 1 to 8 weeks in a liquid phase of the agar drop-liquid medium system. Fifty-two hematological patients and controls were examined in order to study the character of regeneration of different stromal cells and their role in the production of stimulants of precursor cells of granulomonocytopoiesis. It was shown that during cultivation of bone marrow fragments precursors of the stromal cells form a monolayer at the dish bottom, forming a capsule around the fragments and proliferating inside the medullary lacunae.