Integrating e-learning into the educational framework for undergraduate medical training: a Nigerian survey on trainers´ perception and readiness.

Introduction: given the significant disruption in educational activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the uncertainties about the post-pandemic future, coupled with increasing demand for the healthcare workforce, e-learning may bridge the gap in training medical students. It was imperative to survey the perception and readiness of the trainers on the use of e-learning for undergraduate medical training in Nigeria.

Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted among teachers of medical students in Nigeria.

Postnatal foot length in the estimation of gestational age in relation to intrauterine growth pattern among Nigerian neonates.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between postnatal foot lengths and estimated gestational age (EGA) in relation to intrauterine growth patterns determined at birth among Nigerian neonates.

Design: Hospital-based, cross-sectional.

Setting: Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria.

Evaluation of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Programme at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Southwestern Nigeria.

Most children acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). The risk of MTCT of HIV is generally 15%-40% without prophylaxis. MTCT has been responsible for approximately 370,000 infant HIV infections worldwide, with Nigeria accounting for 30% of cases.

Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates.

Background: Annually, infections contribute to approximately 25% of the 2.8 million neonatal deaths worldwide. Over 95% of sepsis-related neonatal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.

Neurological diseases at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic in a semi-urban Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Neurological diseases in children may be associated with mortality and long-term morbidity when they recover from acute ailments. The pattern of neurological disorders in an outpatient service may highlight the burden of these diseases. The objective of the present study is to describe the pattern of neurological disorders at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital (OOUTH), Sagamu, Nigeria.

Strengthening retinopathy of prematurity screening and treatment services in Nigeria: a case study of activities, challenges and outcomes 2017-2020.

Objectives: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) will become a major cause of blindness in Nigerian children unless screening and treatment services expand. This article aims to describe the collaborative activities undertaken to improve services for ROP between 2017 and 2020 as well as the outcome of these activities in Nigeria.

Design: Descriptive case study.

Pattern of serum bilirubin changes following double volume exchange blood transfusion in neonates at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria.

Introduction: exchange blood transfusion (EBT) is a form of massive transfusion useful in rapidly reducing serum bilirubin levels, but serum bilirubin levels frequently rebound within hours of completing the procedure, due to equilibration of extravascular bilirubin as well as on-going hemolysis. The study was carried out to determine the pattern of reduction in serum bilirubin levels following EBT among neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia, as well as the factors contributing to this pattern, so as to establish evidence-based expectations following EBT.

Methods: a retrospective descriptive study covering a two-year period in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates.

This Cochrane Review has been withdrawn from publication. Errors were identified in the data extraction process and in the reporting of results, and as such the findings of the review may not be reliable. The authors and the Cochrane Neonatal Co-ordinating Editor agreed to withdraw the review, following an internal investigation.

Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates.

Background: Annually, infections contribute to approximately 25% of the 2.8 million neonatal deaths worldwide. Over 95% of sepsis-related neonatal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.

Predicted Reference Equations for Spirometry Indices as a Proxy from Anthropometry Measurements of Nigerian Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia Aged 5-12 Years.

Background: Significant morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease are accounted for by lung complications. To facilitate good respiratory care for children with sickle cell anaemia the generation of local predicted values is highly important.

Objective: To determine the reference equations for spirometry indices estimation in children with sickle cell anaemia, which can be readily used as proxy when there is no easy accessibility to spirometer.

The current pattern of facility-based perinatal and neonatal mortality in Sagamu, Nigeria.

Background: Perinatal and neonatal mortality rates have been described as sensitive indices of the quality of health care services. Regular audits of perinatal and neonatal mortalities are desirable to evaluate the various global interventions.

Objective: To describe the current pattern of perinatal and neonatal mortality in a Nigerian tertiary health facility.

Presentation and outcomes of early and late onset neonatal sepsis in a Nigerian Hospital.

Background: Neonatal Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates despite great advances in antimicrobial therapy and life support measures.

Objectives: To compare the aetiology, risk factors, presentation and outcomes of care between early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) and late onset neonatal sepsis (LOS).

Methods: Bacterial isolates were identified using blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using disc diffusion method.

Clitoral sizes and anogenital distances in term newborns in Nigeria.

Background: Previous studies suggest significant ethnic and racial differences in clitoral sizes and anogenital distances in the newborn. This study aimed to document normative data on clitoral sizes and anogenital distances of apparently normal term female infants in Sagamu.

Methods: The study was a multi-center, cross-sectional descriptive research carried out among 317 female term infants within the first 72 h of life.

Normative data on penile and anogenital measurements of term male infants in Sagamu, Nigeria.

Aim: To document normative data on penile size and anogenital distances of apparently normal term male infants in Sagamu, Nigeria.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 303 term male infants within the first 72 hours of life. Stretched penile length, penile width and three measures of anogenital distances were recorded: anogenital distance-1, anogenital distance-2 and anoscrotal distance.

Does infant feeding method influence the incidence and pattern of morbidities among human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected nigerian infants?

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants enrolled into the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV program generally receive antiretroviral therapy (ARV), but the feeding methods differ based on several socioeconomic and cultural differences.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the incidence and pattern of morbidities among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) Nigerian infants and determine any relationship with infant feeding methods.

Methods: A review of the hospital records of all HEU infants attending the Virology Clinic of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria, between July 2013 and June 2015, was done.

Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn.

Background: Exchange blood transfusion (EBT) is a form of whole blood transfusion in which the total blood volume is replaced within a few hours. In perinatal and neonatal medicine, EBT is most often used in the management of severe anaemia or severe hyperbilirubinaemia in the first week of life. Hypocalcaemia, one of the common morbidities associated with EBT, is thought to arise from the chelating effects of the citrate commonly used as an anticoagulant in the donor's blood.

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis with unusual presentations in Sagamu, Nigeria: a case report and review of the literature.

A 24-day old female Nigerian neonate presented with protracted vomiting, fever and dehydration but without palpable abdominal tumour or visible gastric peristalsis. There was no derangement of serum electrolytes. The initial working diagnosis was Late-Onset Sepsis but abdominal ultrasonography showed features consistent with the diagnosis of IHPS.

Severe Childhood Anaemia and Blood Transfusion in a Nigerian Secondary Level Facility.

This study aimed to describe the pattern and immediate outcome of severe childhood anaemia requiring blood transfusion at a secondary level of care in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of children hospitalized in a secondary health facility in Ogun State, Nigeria, with packed cell volume <20% and who received blood transfusion was done. Of the 253 children admitted between March 2013 and June 2014, 79 (31.

Adjuvant corticosteroids for reducing death in neonatal bacterial meningitis.

Background: Bacterial meningitis remains a significant cause of neonatal and childhood morbidity and mortality in many countries of the world, particularly in developing countries. In some instances, children recover but remain impaired as a result of neurological sequelae such as hearing loss, developmental delay and cognitive impairment.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of adjunctive corticosteroids in reducing death and neurological sequelae in neonates with bacterial meningitis.

Management of late-preterm and term infants with hyperbilirubinaemia in resource-constrained settings.

Hyperbilirubinaemia is a ubiquitous transitional morbidity in the vast majority of newborns and a leading cause of hospitalisation in the first week of life worldwide. While timely and effective phototherapy and exchange transfusion are well proven treatments for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, inappropriate or ineffective treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia, at secondary and tertiary hospitals, still prevails in many poorly-resourced countries accounting for a disproportionately high burden of bilirubin-induced mortality and long-term morbidity. As part of the efforts to curtail the widely reported risks of frequent but avoidable bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) and kernicterus) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) with significant resource constraints, this article presents a practical framework for the management of late-preterm and term infants (≥ 35 weeks of gestation) with clinically significant hyperbilirubinaemia in these countries particularly where local practice guidelines are lacking.

Why is kernicterus still a major cause of death and disability in low-income and middle-income countries?

Neonatal jaundice is predominantly a benign condition that affects 60%-80% of newborns worldwide but progresses to potentially harmful severe hyperbilirubinaemia in some. Despite the proven therapeutic benefits of phototherapy for preventing extreme hyperbilirubinaemia, acute bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus, several low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) continue to report high rates of avoidable exchange transfusions, as well as bilirubin-induced mortality and neurodevelopmental disorders. Considering the critical role of appropriate timing in treatment effectiveness, this review set out to examine the contributory factors to the burden of severe hyperbilirubinaemia and kernicterus based on the 'three delays model' described by Thaddeus and Maine in the 91 most economically disadvantaged LMICs with Gross National Income per capita ≤US$6000 and median human development index of 0.

Rectal and genital prolapse in Nigerian newborns: case reports and review of the literature.

Genital prolapse in the newborn is a rare clinical condition often times seen in association with congenital myelo-meningocele, or this could occur following shigellosis infection. We therefore report two neonates with rectal prolapse following diarrhea and utero-vaginal prolapse associated with congenital spinal bifida.

Current pattern of Ponderal Indices of term small-for-gestational age in a population of Nigerian babies.

Background: Small-for-gestational age (SGA) newborns constitute a special group of neonates who may have suffered varying degrees of intrauterine insults and deprivation. Variations in birth weight, length and Ponderal Index (PI) depend on the type and degree of intrauterine insults the babies were exposed to. The objective of the study was to determine the current prevalence of term SGA births in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital and the current pattern of Ponderal Indices among term SGA in a population of Nigerian babies.

Family socio-demographic factors and maternal obstetric factors influencing appropriate health-care seeking behaviours for newborn jaundice in Sagamu, Nigeria.

Poor care-seeking behaviour of families may be responsible for the high prevalence of complications of newborn jaundice in the developing world. To examine the influence of family socio-demographic characteristics and maternal obstetric factors on health care-seeking behaviours for newborn jaundice and the inter-relationship between this behavior and severity of newborn jaundice. Mothers whose babies were referred to a Nigerian tertiary hospital with jaundice were studied in a cross-sectional survey for appropriate health-care seeking behaviours as well as the need for exchange transfusion and the occurrence of kernicterus in their babies.

Factors influencing the survival of newborn babies weighing <1.5 kg in Sagamu, Nigeria.

Background: Identification of the causes of death among low birth weight babies may facilitate interventions required to improve their survival.

Objective: To determine the epidemiological factors associated with the survival of very low- and extremely low birth weight babies.

Methods: Consecutive low birth weight babies aged <168 h in a Nigerian tertiary hospital were studied between January and December 2008 using bivariate and multivariate methods.