Clinicians' roles and necessary levels of understanding in the use of artificial intelligence: A qualitative interview study with German medical students.

Background: Artificial intelligence-driven Clinical Decision Support Systems (AI-CDSS) are being increasingly introduced into various domains of health care for diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic and other purposes. A significant part of the discourse on ethically appropriate conditions relate to the levels of understanding and explicability needed for ensuring responsible clinical decision-making when using AI-CDSS. Empirical evidence on stakeholders' viewpoints on these issues is scarce so far.

Impacts of Clinical Decision Support Systems on the Relationship, Communication, and Shared Decision-Making Between Health Care Professionals and Patients: Multistakeholder Interview Study.

Background: Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are increasingly being introduced into various domains of health care. Little is known so far about the impact of such systems on the health care professional-patient relationship, and there is a lack of agreement about whether and how patients should be informed about the use of CDSSs.

Objective: This study aims to explore, in an empirically informed manner, the potential implications for the health care professional-patient relationship and to underline the importance of this relationship when using CDSSs for both patients and future professionals.

Responsibility and decision-making authority in using clinical decision support systems: an empirical-ethical exploration of German prospective professionals' preferences and concerns.

Machine learning-driven clinical decision support systems (ML-CDSSs) seem impressively promising for future routine and emergency care. However, reflection on their clinical implementation reveals a wide array of ethical challenges. The preferences, concerns and expectations of professional stakeholders remain largely unexplored.

Quantitative assessment of intravascular volume of the human Achilles tendon.

The pathogenesis of Achilles tendon rupture remains unclear, but vascular patterns may play an important role. We determined the intravascular volume of the Achilles tendon using a new method with injection of radioisotopes. A solution of Tc-99m and gelatin-ink was injected into the lower limbs of body donors.

Radioprotection of salivary glands by amifostine in high-dose radioiodine therapy.

Unlabelled: Salivary gland impairment after high-dose radioiodine treatment is well recognized. Because differentiated thyroid cancer has a good prognosis, reduction of long-term side effects is important. This study investigated the radioprotective effects of amifostine in animals and humans receiving high-dose radioiodine therapy.

[Lymphoscintigraphy with double tracer technique in carcinomas of the head-neck region].

Background: Lymphoscintigraphy has been used since the early 1960s to demonstrate lymphatic drainage of head and neck tumors, but did not prove satisfactory. With the increasing importance of highly sophisticated neck dissection procedures, lymphoscintigraphy may have greater diagnostic impact. This assumes that lymphoscintigraphy will allow an accurate correlation of lymphatic drainage with anatomic structures.

[Implementation and indications for quantitative sialoscintigraphy].

Background: Since its introduction in 1965 salivary gland scintigraphy has been an established method to simultaneously investigate excretion function in major salivary glands. In order to elucidate parenchymal function of salivary glands, several authors described various quantitative and semiquantitative methods. However, no standardized protocol for quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy has been established so far.

Quantification of diphosphonate uptake based on conventional bone scanning.

Up to now there has been no routinely used and easy-to-perform method for the quantification of bone uptake. Therefore, we have evaluated the clinical practicability of a new and simple method for the measurement of bone uptake based upon conventional three-phase bone scanning. In 13 patients with normal bone scans, whole-body scintigrams were obtained at 3 min and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24 h after injection of 600 MBq technetium-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP).

[Quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy--a recommended examination prior to and after radioiodine therapy].

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate possible deterioration of salivary gland function due to radioiodine therapy with low activities using standardized quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy (qSZ). In addition, the prevalence of sialopathies was estimated in patients with thyroid dysfunction.

Methods: Prior to routine thyroid scintigraphy qSZ was performed after i.

Quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy in the diagnosis of parenchymal damage after treatment with radioiodine.

This study was undertaken to quantify salivary gland parenchymal damage after radioiodine treatment with a standard protective regimen of ascorbic acid. Altogether, 106 patients underwent quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy with 99Tcm-pertechnetate prior to and 3 months after radioiodine therapy. Parenchymal function was quantified by calculating 99Tcm-pertechnetate uptake 13 min post-injection.

The value of bone scanning in pre-operative decision-making in patients with progressive facial asymmetry.

Hemimandibular elongation is characterized by persistent unilateral growth, resulting in unilateral overgrowth of the mandible. The surgical treatment strategy depends on condylar growth activity, which cannot be assessed by conventional radiological procedures. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of bone scanning in hemimandibular elongation.

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the differential diagnosis of meningioma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) in patients with meningioma proven or suspected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prior to surgery, 47 patients were investigated up to 24 h following the injection of 200 MBq 111In-octreotide. Tracer uptake was compared with the histological presence of meningioma.

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the staging of small cell lung cancer.

The aim of this study was to evaluate somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) in the staging of patients with small cell lung cancer. Prior to chemotherapy, 20 patients were investigated up to 24 h following an injection of 200 MBq 111In-octreotide. Following chemotherapy and restaging, four patients were re-evaluated.

Value of quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy in the early stage of Sjögren's syndrome.

The aim of this study was to test the impact of quantitative salivary gland scintigraphy in patients with suspected Sjögren's syndrome. Thirteen patients with suspected Sjögren's syndrome were investigated. During clinical work-up, three had severe and four had mild Sjögren's syndrome, while six were normal.