Quantitative Chemical Imaging of Organelles.

ConspectusDNA nanodevices are nanoscale assemblies, formed from a collection of synthetic DNA strands, that may perform artificial functions. The pioneering developments of a DNA cube by Nadrian Seeman in 1991 and a DNA nanomachine by Turberfield and Yurke in 2000 spawned an entire generation of DNA nanodevices ranging from minimalist to rococo architectures. Since our first demonstration in 2009 that a DNA nanodevice can function autonomously inside a living cell, it became clear that this molecular scaffold was well-placed to probe living systems.

Cellular Activity of Typhimurium ArtAB Toxin and Its Receptor-Binding Subunit.

Salmonellosis is among the most reported foodborne illnesses in the United States. The Typhimurium DT104 phage type, which is associated with multidrug-resistant disease in humans and animals, possesses an ADP-ribosylating toxin called ArtAB. Full-length AB has been found on a number of broad-host-range non-typhoidal species and serovars.

The Irish Atlantic CoCliME case study configuration, validation and application of a downscaled ROMS ocean climate model off SW Ireland.

This ocean numerical modelling study is focused on the shelf waters off southwest Ireland. Outputs from the model are used to provide scientists and policy makers with climate change information related to oceanic conditions that influence harmful algal blooms in the region. Four simulations were developed to include a 20-year hindcast simulation (1997-2016), a 31-year historical simulation (1975-2005), and two 30-year future climate model projections (2006-2035) for the representative carbon pathways (RCP) 4.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Cholera-Toxin-Based Vaccine against Bovine Intramammary Challenge.

() is a primary agent of bovine mastitis and a source of significant economic loss for the dairy industry. We previously reported antigen-specific immune induction in the milk and serum of dairy cows following vaccination with a cholera toxin A and B subunit (CTA/B) based vaccine containing the iron-regulated surface determinant A (IsdA) and clumping factor A (ClfA) antigens of (IsdA + ClfA-CTA/B). The goal of the current study was to assess the efficacy of this vaccine to protect against infection after intramammary challenge.

A graph-based multi-sample test for identifying pathways associated with cancer progression.

Cancer is in general not a result of an abnormality of a single gene but a consequence of changes in many genes, it is therefore of great importance to understand the roles of different oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways in tumorigenesis. In recent years, there have been many computational models developed to study the genetic alterations of different pathways in the evolutionary process of cancer. However, most of the methods are knowledge-based enrichment analyses and inflexible to analyze user-defined pathways or gene sets.

Goal-Conflict EEG Theta and Biased Economic Decisions: A Role for a Second Negative Motivation System.

Economic decision biases can reflect emotion and emotion dysfunction. Economic paradigms thus provide a solid framework for analysis of brain processes related to emotion and its disorders. Importantly for economic decisions, goal-conflict activates different negative motivational processes than pure loss; generating negative decision biases linked to anxiety and fear, respectively.

Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology: Building Research Infrastructure, Supporting Young Researchers, and Fostering Collaboration.

The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Matrix Biology strives to improve our understanding of extracellular matrix at molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal levels to generate new knowledge about pathophysiology, normal development, and regenerative medicine. The primary goals of the Center are to i) support junior investigators, ii) enhance the productivity of established scientists, iii) facilitate collaboration between both junior and established researchers, and iv) build biomedical research infrastructure that will support research relevant to cell-matrix interactions in disease progression, tissue repair and regeneration, and v) provide access to instrumentation and technical support. A Pilot Project program provides funding to investigators who propose applying their expertise to matrix biology questions.

Immunogenicity of a Staphylococcus aureus-cholera toxin A/B vaccine for bovine mastitis.

Staphylococcus aureus causes a chronic, contagious disease of the udder, or mastitis, in dairy cows. This infection is often refractory to antibiotic treatment, and has a significant economic impact on milk production worldwide. An effective vaccine to prevent S.

Immunoproteomics to identify Staphylococcus aureus antigens expressed in bovine milk during mastitis.

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen affecting both human and animal species. An effective vaccine to prevent S. aureus bovine disease and transmission would have positive effects on animal well-being, food production, and human health.

Semiology of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: An international cross-cultural study.

Purpose: We compared the semiology of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) between patients from the USA and Brazil. This international cross-cultural comparative study may expand understanding of PNES across the borders.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated all patients with PNES admitted to one epilepsy center in the USA and one in Brazil.

Delay in diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in adults: A post hoc study.

Purpose: The aim of the current post hoc study was to investigate factors associated with delay in diagnosis of adult patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES).

Methods: We retrospectively investigated all patients with PNES admitted to the epilepsy-monitoring unit at the Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center from 2012 through 2016. We identified the median time to diagnosis of PNES and divided the patients into two groups.

Stochastic sensing of Angiotensin II with lysenin channels.

The ability of pore-forming proteins to interact with various analytes has found vast applicability in single molecule sensing and characterization. In spite of their abundance in organisms from all kingdoms of life, only a few pore-forming proteins have been successfully reconstituted in artificial membrane systems for sensing purposes. Lysenin, a pore-forming toxin extracted from the earthworm E.

How variable are psychogenic nonepileptic seizures? A retrospective semiological study.

Purpose: To classify patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) according to a recently proposed classification system and investigate the variability of PNES semiology.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated all patients with PNES admitted at the Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center from 2012 through 2016. We classified their seizures after retrospectively reviewing their recorded videos during their video-EEG monitoring admission and investigated the seizure variability.

Expression, immunogenicity and variation of iron-regulated surface protein A from bovine isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus iron-regulated surface protein A (IsdA) is a fibrinogen and fibronectin adhesin that also contributes to iron sequestration and resistance to innate immunity. IsdA is conserved in human isolates and has been investigated as a human vaccine candidate. Here we report the expression of isdA, the efficacy of anti-IsdA responses and the existence of IsdA sequence variants from bovine Staphylococcus.

Semiological classification of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

Purpose: We classified patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) according to a newly proposed classification system. Then, we investigated the demographic and clinical differences between various classes of the patients.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated all patients with PNESs admitted to the Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center from 2012 through 2016.

Post-epilepsy surgery psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence of post-epilepsy surgery psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and the possible influence of risk factors on these seizures.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we examined data from all patients with a clinical diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery at Graduate Hospital and the Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center between 1986 and 2016. Postsurgical outcome was identified for up to 15 years after surgery.

Review of systems questionnaire helps differentiate psychogenic nonepileptic seizures from epilepsy.

We investigated the utility of a very brief review of system (ROS) questionnaire in differentiating psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) from epilepsy. In this retrospective study, we investigated all patients with PNES admitted to Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center from October 2013 through April 2015. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PNES or epilepsy based on video-EEG monitoring were included.

Signatures of the Primordial Universe from Its Emptiness: Measurement of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Minima of the Density Field.

Sound waves from the primordial fluctuations of the Universe imprinted in the large-scale structure, called baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs), can be used as standard rulers to measure the scale of the Universe. These oscillations have already been detected in the distribution of galaxies. Here we propose to measure BAOs from the troughs (minima) of the density field.

Multisensory Tracking of Objects in Darkness: Capture of Positive Afterimages by the Tactile and Proprioceptive Senses.

This paper reports on three experiments investigating the contribution of different sensory modalities to the tracking of objects moved in total darkness. Participants sitting in the dark were exposed to a brief, bright flash which reliably induced a positive visual afterimage of the scene so illuminated. If the participants subsequently move their hand in the darkness, the visual afterimage of that hand fades or disappears; this is presumably due to conflict between the illusory visual afterimage (of the hand in its original location) and other information (e.

Power law scaling in synchronization of brain signals depends on cognitive load.

As it has several features that optimize information processing, it has been proposed that criticality governs the dynamics of nervous system activity. Indications of such dynamics have been reported for a variety of in vitro and in vivo recordings, ranging from in vitro slice electrophysiology to human functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, there still remains considerable debate as to whether the brain actually operates close to criticality or in another governing state such as stochastic or oscillatory dynamics.

Screening children with neurofibromatosis type 1 for autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reported to be increased in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), but it's unknown if ASD screening tools are sensitive and specific for NF1. This study compared the rate at which children with NF1 screen-positive for two ASD screening tools [Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST)] to the screen-positive rate of the general population. A retrospective cross-sectional observational design to investigate the association between children with NF1 and at risk status for ASD was used.

Anesthesia-related cardiac arrest.

Background: Much is still unknown about the actual incidence of anesthesia-related cardiac arrest in the United States.

Methods: The authors identified all of the cases of cardiac arrest from their quality improvement database from 1999 to 2009 and submitted them for review by an independent study commission to give them the best estimate of anesthesia-related cardiac arrest at their institution. One hundred sixty perioperative cardiac arrests within 24 h of surgery were identified from an anesthesia database of 217,365 anesthetics.