Advantages and disadvantages of targeting senescent endothelial cells in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases based on small extracellular vesicles.

Introduction: With the growth of the aging population, age-related diseases have become a heavy global burden, particularly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). Endothelial cell (EC) senescence constitutes an essential factor in the development of CVDs, prompting increased focus on strategies to alleviate or reverse EC senescence.

Areas Covered: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are cell-derived membrane structures, that contain proteins, lipids, RNAs, metabolites, growth factors and cytokines.

Does higher energy efficiency growth homogeneously affect carbon emission growth rate across developing Sub-Saharan African nations? The importance of utilizing clean energy.

Establishing a sustainable environment and acquiring a carbon-neutral status require Sub-Saharan African nations to reduce their year-on-year growth rates of carbon emission levels. Thus, this study considers a sample of 38 countries from this region and selects the time period from 2000 to 2020 for analyzing the annual carbon emission growth rate influencing impacts of energy efficiency, clean energy, institutional quality, international trade, and net receipts of foreign direct investment. Overall, for the full sample of Sub-Saharan African nations, the results verify that the enhancing the growth rate of energy efficiency improvement reduces both total and per capita annual carbon emission growth rates.

Review of PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy in Alzheimer's disease.

Mitochondrial autophagy plays an important role in maintaining the complexity of mitochondrial functions and removing damaged mitochondria, of which the PINK1-Parkin signal pathway is one of the most classical pathways. Thus, a comprehensive and in-depth interpretation of the PINK1-Parkin signal pathway might deepen our understanding on the impacts of mitochondrial autophagy. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a classical example of neurodegenerative disease.

Gut Microbiota is an Impact Factor based on the Brain-Gut Axis to Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of AD has been explained using cholinergic, β-amyloid toxicity, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and oxidative stress theories. However, an effective treatment method has not been developed.