How China's Great Bay Area Policies Affect the National Identity of Hong Kong Youth-A Study of a Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the Difference-in-Differences Model.

China's Bay Area policies are important for integrating Hong Kong (HK) and Macao youth into China's overall development. However, their effect on national identity is still mostly theoretical, lacking objective and scientific empirical evaluations. From a cultural adaptation perspective, interactions between social groups with different cultural backgrounds can promote cultural and political identity transformation.

Effect Mechanism of Extracurricular Tuition and Implications on "Double Reduction" Policy: Extracurricular Tuition Intensity, Psychological Resilience, and Academic Performance.

Since its implementation in July 2021, the "double reduction (the reduction of the excessive academic burden on primary and middle school students, and the over-heated off-campus tutoring)" policy ("the Policy"), which aims to foster a sound environment for extracurricular education, has attracted much social attention. At the preliminary stage where data and cases are insufficient, it is of theoretical and practical significance to evaluate extracurricular tuition and its effect mechanism before the Policy was implemented. This study analyzed the said question based on the data from the China Education Panel Survey between 2014 and 2015 (CEPS2014-2015) by virtue of propensity score matching (PSM) and the intermediate effect.