AcMNPV-miR-2 affects nucleopolyhedrovirus infection by regulating the expression of and several other viral early genes.

Unlabelled: Virus-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) exert diverse regulatory roles in the biological processes of both viruses and hosts. This study delves into the functions of AcMNPV-miR-2, an early miRNA encoded by multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). AcMNPV-miR-2 targets viral early genes (), (), , and .

An nucleopolyhedrovirus-encoded microRNA, AcMNPV-miR-4, downregulates the expression of host gene .

multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV)-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate viral genes to achieve infection have been reported previously. Here, we report another AcMNPV encoded miRNA, AcMNPV-miR-4 (Ac-miR-4), which downregulated the host gene, apoptosis-linked gene (). This regulation was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays.

An integrated insight into bioleaching performance of chalcopyrite mediated by microbial factors: Functional types and biodiversity.

Six artificial communities with different function or biodiversity were reconstructed by six typical bioleaching species for chalcopyrite leaching. Absence of sulfur oxidizers in communities significantly reduced copper extraction rates, and low diversity communities also exhibited slightly poor bioleaching performances. The variations of pH, redox potential, ferrous and copper ions indicated that the community with both sulfur oxidizers and high diversity showed fast adaptation to the environment and rapid dissolution of chalcopyrite.