Activation of ARP2/3 and HSP70 Expression by Lipoteichoic Acid: Potential Bidirectional Regulation of Apoptosis in a Mastitis Inflammation Model.

Mastitis typically arises from bacterial invasion, where host cell apoptosis significantly contributes to the inflammatory response. Gram-positive bacteria predominantly utilize the virulence factor lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which frequently leads to chronic breast infections, thereby impacting dairy production and animal husbandry adversely. This study employed LTA to develop models of mastitis in cow mammary gland cells and mice.