mRNA and miRNA Expression Analysis Reveal the Regulation for Flower Spot Patterning in 'Panda'.

cultivar 'Panda' is a beautiful and valuable ornamental for its big flower and unique big spots on the petals and sepals. Although anthocyanins are known as the main pigments responsible for flower colors in , and the anthocyanins biosynthetic pathway in is generally well known, the detailed knowledge of anthocynins regulation within the spot and non-spot parts in 'Panda' flower is limited. In this study, transcriptome and small RNA libraries analysis from spot and non-spot sepal tissues of 'Panda' were performed, and we found , , and miR156g, miR858 is associated with the purple spot patterning in its sepals.

Tyramine and tyrosine decarboxylase gene contributes to the formation of cyanic blotches in the petals of pansy (Viola × wittrockiana).

Tyrosine decarboxylase (TYDC) can catalyze tyrosine into tyramine. Several studies demonstrated its roles in the acidity, salidroside and defense response. Here we found that TYDC from Viola × wittrockiana Gam (VwTYDC) may contribute to the formation of cyaninc blotches in the petal.

Exogenous Hydrogen Peroxide Contributes to Heme Oxygenase-1 Delaying Programmed Cell Death in Isolated Aleurone Layers of Rice Subjected to Drought Stress in a cGMP-Dependent Manner.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that plays a dual role in plant cells. Here, we discovered that drought (20% polyethylene glycol-6000, PEG)-triggered decreases of transcript expression and HO activity. However, exogenous HO contributed toward the increase in gene expression and activity of the enzyme under drought stress.