Local structures of water in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate probed by high-pressure infrared spectroscopy.

We have investigated the aggregation behaviors of water molecules in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/water mixtures using high-pressure methods. Under ambient pressure, the IR spectra indicate that two types of O-H species: free O-H and bonded O-H, existing in ionic liquid/water mixtures. As samples were compressed, a continuous loss of the free O-H band intensity was observed.

Effects of water and methanol on the molecular organization of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as functions of pressure and concentration.

The structural organization in mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF(4)])/water or methanol was studied by infrared spectroscopy. No drastic change in the concentration dependence of the alkyl C-H band frequency was observed at high concentration of the ionic liquid. This behavior indicates a clustering of the ionic liquid in alkyl regions.

Primary nasal tuberculosis presenting with septal perforation.

Tuberculosis is a serious, worldwide health problem that affects people in many developing countries. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic and the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of mycobacteria have contributed to the increasing international incidence of tuberculosis in recent years. Yet, extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains comparatively rare.