Femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy versus toric IOL implantation for correcting astigmatism in cataract patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Aims: To compare the refractive and visual outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy (FSAK) and toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for correcting astigmatism in cataract patients.

Methods: Studies were retrieved from the Ovid-Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus which compared FSAK and toric IOL for astigmatism correction in cataract patients. Outcome measures included postoperative refractive cylinder, correction index, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), the proportion of patients achieving a residual refractive cylinder of 1.

Steric Effects on the Photovoltaic Performance of Panchromatic Ruthenium Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Three new heteroleptic Ru complexes, , , and , were prepared as sensitizers for coadsorbent-free, panchromatic, and efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. They are simultaneously functionalized with highly conjugated anchoring and ancillary ligands to explore the electronic and steric effects on their photovoltaic characteristics. The coadsorbent-free device based on achieved the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.

Interactions of optic radiation lesions with retinal and brain atrophy in early multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Retrograde trans-synaptic neuroaxonal degeneration is considered a key pathological factor of subclinical retinal neuroaxonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aim to evaluate the longitudinal association of optic radiation (OR) lesion activity with retinal neuroaxonal damage and its role in correlations between retinal and brain atrophy in people with clinically isolated syndrome and early MS (pweMS).

Methods: Eighty-five pweMS were retrospectively screened from a prospective cohort (Berlin CIS cohort).

Comparison of health resource usage and costs associated with first-generation and second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics for patients with schizophrenia: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

The aim of this study was to examine psychiatric resource utilization, medical costs and clinical outcomes for patients with schizophrenia who received either first-generation or second-generation long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Patients who began either first-generation or second-generation LAI treatment between 2015 and 2017 were enrolled and followed for three years.

The future application of artificial intelligence and telemedicine in the retina: A perspective.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning provided precise image recognition and classification in the medical field. Ophthalmology is an exceptional department to translate AI applications since noninvasive imaging is routinely used for the diagnosis and monitoring. In recent years, AI-based image interpretation of optical coherence tomography and fundus photograph in retinal diseases has been extended to diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity.

Corneal topographic changes in patients with thyroid eye disease: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate corneal topographic findings in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) using a Galilei camera and compare their corneal topographic parameters with those of control patients.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 52 eyes of 26 patients with TED (study group) and 40 eyes of 20 controls treated at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan between January and December 2021. All participants underwent basic ophthalmological examinations, corneal topography examination using a Galilei dual Scheimpflug camera, thyroid function examination, and orbital computed tomography.

Impact of Endophthalmitis on the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

Many studies have demonstrated an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Nevertheless, the influence of an endophthalmitis episode toward the future risks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in AS patients has been unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of endophthalmitis on AMI risk in this particular patient population by a population-based retrospective cohort study with a follow-up period up to 16 years.

Erythropoietin in Glaucoma: From Mechanism to Therapy.

Glaucoma can cause irreversible vision loss and is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The disease mechanism is complex and various factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis, including ischemia, excessive oxidative stress, neurotropic factor deprivation, and neuron excitotoxicity. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that induces erythropoiesis in response to hypoxia.

Outcomes after arthroscopic treatment for scaphoid nonunion using ipsilateral radius bone graft and a headless compression screw: a comparison between the patients with and without avascular necrosis.

Purpose: To determine whether avascular necrosis can affect clinical outcomes or the union incidence after arthroscopic bone grafting for the treatment of scaphoid nonunion.

Methods: This retrospective comparative study included thirty-four patients with scaphoid nonunion that underwent arthroscopic bone graft from the ipsilateral radius and internal fixation. The patients were divided into two cohorts (group A, with avascular necrosis, n = 15; group B, without avascular necrosis, n = 19) based on pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging findings.

The Latest Evidence of Erythropoietin in the Treatment of Glaucoma.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a circulating hormone conventionally considered to be responsible for erythropoiesis. In addition to facilitating red blood cell production, EPO has pluripotent potential, such as for cognition improvement, neurogenesis, and anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects. In human retinal tissues, EPO receptors (EPORs) are expressed in the photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium, and retinal ganglion cell layer.

Diabetes and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhosis Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world. NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance, the core pathophysiology of diabetes. Multiple clinical studies show that diabetes increases the risk of liver disease progression and cirrhosis development in patients with NAFLD.

Nanoparticles-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapy in inherited retinal diseases: applications, challenges, and emerging opportunities.

Inherited Retinal Diseases (IRDs) are considered one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. However, the majority of them still lack a safe and effective treatment due to their complexity and genetic heterogeneity. Recently, gene therapy is gaining importance as an efficient strategy to address IRDs which were previously considered incurable.

Prior optic neuritis detection on peripapillary ring scans using deep learning.

Background: The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) requires demyelinating events that are disseminated in time and space. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) distinguishes eyes with a prior history of acute optic neuritis (ON) and may provide evidence to support a demyelinating attack.

Objective: To investigate whether a deep learning (DL)-based network can distinguish between eyes with prior ON and healthy control (HC) eyes using peripapillary ring scans.

Living alone decreased calcaneus ultrasound -score in a large Taiwanese population follow-up study.

Background: Osteoporosis is associated with many serious health conditions that have a severely negative impact on quality of life, as well as higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Due to the aging society and low birth rate in Taiwan, an increasing number of people are living alone. This longitudinal study was aimed to assess the relationship between living alone and calcaneus ultrasound -score in a large cohort in Taiwan.

Deep learning to infer visual acuity from optical coherence tomography in diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Physicians rely on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and baseline visual acuity (VA) to tailor therapeutic regimen. However, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from chart-based examinations may not wholly reflect DME status.

Superrepellent Doubly Reentrant Geometry Promotes Antibiofouling and Prevention of Coronavirus Contamination.

The fomite transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has drawn attention because of its highly contagious nature. Therefore, surfaces that can prevent coronavirus contamination are an urgent and unmet need during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Conventional surfaces are usually based on superhydrophobic or antiviral coatings.

Bilateral Optic Disc Edema as an Initial Presentation of Acute Retinal Necrosis.

Purpose: We reported a case of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) that presented as isolated bilateral optic disc edema.

Methods: A case report.

Case: A 68-year-old male with a 3-day history of progressive blurred vision presented with isolated bilateral optic disc edema.

Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein correlates with retinal structural damage in aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

Background: Aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin-G positive (AQP4-IgG) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathy associated with optic neuritis (ON). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an oligodendrocytopathy with a similar phenotype. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP), an astrocyte-derived protein, is associated with disease severity in AQP4-IgG NMOSD.

Polygenic Risk Score Improves Cataract Prediction in East Asian Population.

Cataracts, characterized by crystalline lens opacities in human eyes, is the leading cause of blindness globally. Due to its multifactorial complexity, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Larger cohorts of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are needed to investigate cataracts’ genetic basis.

Neuro-ophthalmological Presentation of Optic Neuritis in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a rare demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. MOGAD frequently manifests with severe, bilateral, and episodes of recurrent optic neuritis (ON) and is an important differential diagnosis to multiple sclerosis and aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Besides ON, the clinical manifestations of MOGAD commonly include transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and brain stem encephalitis.