AI-Driven Discovery of Highly Specific and Efficacious hCES2A Inhibitors for Ameliorating Irinotecan-Triggered Gut Toxicity.

The anticancer agent irinotecan often induces severe delayed-onset diarrhea, inhibiting human carboxylesterase 2A (hCES2A) can significantly alleviate irinotecan-triggered gut toxicity (ITGT). This work presents an efficient workflow for design and developing novel efficacious hCES2A inhibitors. A well-training machine learning model identified as a lead compound, while compound was developed as a novel time-dependent hCES2A inhibitor (IC = 0.

Spatial 3D genome organization reveals intratumor heterogeneity in primary glioblastoma samples.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. Although chromatin intratumoral heterogeneity is a characteristic feature of GBM, most current studies are conducted at a single tumor site. To investigate the GBM-specific 3D genome organization and its heterogeneity, we conducted Hi-C experiments in 21 GBM samples from nine patients, along with three normal brain samples.

Protocol for isolating the single bacteriocyte from whiteflies for single-cell RNA-seq analysis.

Bacteriocytes are specialized insect cells adapted to harbor symbionts. However, their low number in individual whiteflies makes obtaining enough for transcriptome sequencing challenging. Here, we present a protocol for the isolation of whitefly bacteriocytes.

Regulating pH distribution of soda saline-alkali soil during electrochemical treatment by conditioning catholyte pH coupled with approaching anodes.

Soda saline-alkali soils pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity due to high pH and excessive sodium content. This study investigated the removal of excess salts in soda saline-alkali soil through electrochemical treatment (ECT). Traditional ECT often led to uneven soil pH distribution, with acidic conditions near the anode and alkaline conditions near the cathode, which limited its effectiveness for soil improvement.

Enantioselective synthesis of chiroplasmonic helicoidal nanoparticles by nanoconfinement in chiral dielectric shells.

Helicoid metal nanoparticles with intrinsic chirality have unveiled tailorable properties and unlocked many chirality-related applications across various fields. Nevertheless, the existing strategies for enantioselective synthesis of helicoid metal nanoparticles have been predominantly limited to gold. Here, we demonstrate a robust and versatile strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of helicoid nanoparticles beyond gold, leveraging chiral nanoconfinement provided by chiral SiO or nanoshells.

A general TD-Q learning control approach for discrete-time Markov jump systems.

This paper develops a novel temporal difference Q (TD-Q) learning approach, designed to address the robust control challenge in discrete-time Markov jump systems (MJSs) which are characterized by entirely unknown dynamics and transition probabilities (TPs). The model-free TD-Q learning method is uniquely comprehensive, including two special cases: Q learning for MJSs with unknown dynamics, and TD learning for MJSs with undetermined TPs. We propose an innovative ternary policy iteration framework, which iteratively refines the control policies through a dynamic loop of alternating updates.

miR-6089 Alleviates Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis Through Modulating the TLR4 Pathway in Mite-Sensitized Allergic Rhinitis.

Purpose: Allergic rhinitis (AR), a chronic inflammatory disease of nasal mucosa, is considered as a classic Th2-mediated disease. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AR.

Methods: Nasal mucosa was collected from patients with mite-sensitized AR and non-allergic controls for miRNA and mRNA sequencing.

Enantioselective construction of inherently chiral pillar[5]arenes via palladium-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.

Pillar[n]arenes have broad applications in biological medicine, materials science, and supramolecular gels. Notably, enantiopure pillar[5]arenes are valued for their roles in enantioselective host-guest recognition, chiral sensing, asymmetric catalysis, and related fields. Current methods for obtaining chiral pillar[n]arenes rely heavily on resolution agents or chiral HPLC resolution.

Phenolic Modified SiO Aerogel as a Hybrid Thermal Insulation Systems.

SiO aerogel is a good thermal insulation material, but its porous nanostructure makes it brittle and has a poor mechanical property. SiO aerogel with a good elastic property was prepared by combining methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane to form a composite organic silane precursor. However, its mechanical properties were not significantly improved.

Risk management in POCT blood glucose monitoring: FMEA approach aligned with ISO 15189:2022.

Objective: Point-of-care testing (POCT) blood glucose meters provide rapid and convenient monitoring for clinical care and chronic disease management. However, their accuracy is often compromised by risks associated with personnel, equipment, and procedural inconsistencies. This study systematically assesses these risks using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method and proposes control measures aligned with ISO 15189:2022 standards.

Altered gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in community-acquired pneumonia: a metagenomic and metabolomic study.

Unlabelled: Emerging evidence suggests that altered gut microbiota is linked to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), but the potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to the development of CAP remain unclear. Fecal samples from 32 CAP patients and 36 healthy controls were analyzed through metagenomic sequencing and metabolomic profiling. The gut microbiota composition in CAP patients showed significant differences and lower diversity compared to healthy controls.

Analyze the Diversity and Function of Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment From the Perspective of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.

Background: Cancer development is closely associated with complex alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Among these, immune cells within the TME play a huge role in personalized tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Objectives: This review aims to summarize the diversity of immune cells in the TME, their impact on patient prognosis and treatment response, and the contributions of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in understanding their functional heterogeneity.

Multiplexed fiber meta-tip-based circular polarimetry for label-free pathological analysis of ischemic stroke.

Significance: We present an optical technology for a full-process label-free method for brain slice screening. This proposed multiplexed circular polarimetric method has the advantages of simple operation and high accuracy which may provide easily accessible evidence for the future diagnosis of related diseases.

Aim: One of its missions is to provide a quantifiable, reproducible analysis methodology that can replace or supplement traditional qualitative, subjective pathological analysis.

Toward Practical All-Solid-State Batteries: Current Status of Functional Binders.

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage devices due to their high energy density and enhanced safety. Binder plays an irreplaceable role in stabilizing the electrode structure, enhancing carrier transport and modulating solid electrolyte interfaces by connecting each component of the electrode. The development of functional binders is seen as a key strategy to achieve higher energy densities of ASSBs.

OsCHR728 encodes a chromatin remodeling factor involved in seed size and grain chalkiness in rice.

The Imitation Switch (ISWI)ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor proteins regulate various developmental processes, spanning from flowering to stress response. However, research on the roles of ISWI subfamily genes in rice have been limited. This study investigates the expression profile of the rice chromatin remodeler gene OsCHR728, encoding an ISWI protein, across various tissues and developing stages.

Transcription factor ELF-1 protects against colitis by maintaining intestinal epithelium homeostasis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing, and remitting disease characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of IBD remain elusive. Although ELF-1 has been known to be highly expressed in epithelial cells for past twenty years, little is known about its function in epithelial cells and epithelial-related IBD.

The disease burden, risk factors and future predictions of Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia in Asia from 1990 to 2021.

Background: There is a lack of analysis and prediction of the disease burden of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (ADOD) in Asia.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the impact of ADOD on the Asian region during the period from 1990 to 2021.

Design: Data on ADOD in Asia from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021.

Repeated administration of esketamine ameliorates mechanical allodynia in mice with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A role of gut microbiota and metabolites.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) severely diminishes the quality of life for cancer survivors, yet effective treatments remain scarce. Esketamine, a commonly used anesthetic, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects by restoring gut microbiome dysbiosis. In this study, we investigated the impact of esketamine on nociceptive sensitivity in a mouse model of CIPN and explored the potential involvement of the gut microbiome.

Biotic and abiotic drivers of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and metal dynamic changes during spontaneous restoration of Pb-Zn mining wastelands.

The biotic and abiotic mechanisms that drive important biogeochemical processes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and metals dynamics) in metal mine revegetation remains elusive. Metagenomic sequencing was used to explored vegetation, soil properties, microbial communities, functional genes and their impacts on soil processes during vegetation restoration in a typical Pb-Zn mine. The results showed a clear niche differentiation between bacteria, fungi and archaea.

Tertiary lymphoid structures and clinicopathological characteristics in pT1b Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The objective of the current study is to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in T1b ESCC.

Methods: A total of 291 T1b ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy and regional lymphadenectomy between 2008 and 2017 were included. Hematoxylin and eosin staining slides were used to evaluate TLSs and pathological features.

Operando unveiling the activity origin via preferential structural evolution in Ni-Fe (oxy)phosphides for efficient oxygen evolution.

Non-noble metal-based heteroatom compounds demonstrate excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the origin of this activity, driven by structure evolution effects, remains unclear due to the lack of effective in situ/operando techniques. Herein, we employ the operando quick-scan x-ray absorption fine structure (Q-XAFS) technique coupled with in situ controlled electrochemical potential to establish a structure-activity correlation of the OER catalyst.

Homogeneously Distributed Heterostructure Energizes and Replenishes Oxygen Species for Boosting Toluene Oxidation on Perovskite Oxide Catalysts.

Enriching oxygen species in perovskite catalysts provides more active sites for the catalytic oxidation of air pollutants, but its further application in environmental chemical engineering is still constrained by the inherent lack of oxygen species reactivity and the difficulty of replenishing depleted oxygen species. Herein, we present a scalable one-pot strategy for the in situ fabrication of a homogeneously distributed heterostructure, which brings LaCuO perovskite a 58-fold activity enhancement and robust antisintering/water/coke in toluene oxidation, higher than currently reported perovskite catalysts. Superior to the single "oxygen enrichment" effect of conventional surface-aggregated heterostructures, the homogeneously distributed heterostructures induce the reactivity enhancement of adsorbed oxygen and the backfilling/replenishment of depleted lattice oxygen, which break through the rate-determining steps of the low-temperature Langmuir-Hinshelwood and the high-temperature Mars-van Krevelen mechanisms, respectively.

A CE-GAN based approach to address data imbalance in network intrusion detection systems.

As network intrusion behaviors become increasingly complex, traditional intrusion detection systems face limitations, especially with data imbalance. To address this, we introduce the Nash equilibrium concept from game theory into classifier ensemble optimization, enhancing robustness in multi-class classification tasks. Additionally, we propose a network intrusion detection system based on a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network with Conditional Aggregation Encoder-Decoder Structure (CE-GAN) with a conditional aggregation encoder-decoder structure to mitigate data imbalance and improve classifier performance.