Research progress on the impact and mechanisms of different passivators on soil organic carbon transformation.

Passivators can reduce the bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals by forming stable complexes or precipitates, and achieve the remediation of heavy metal-polluted soil. Organic carbon is an important parameter reflecting soil quality and health. Organic carbon transformation process plays a decisive role in atmospheric chemistry and global carbon cycling, and is affected by land use ways, agronomic measures, and restoration activities.

Current situation of "non-grain production" of cultivated land in China and the research progress of re-tillage and fertilization technology.

In recent years, the influx of business capital to rural areas, land transfer and adjustment in planting structure have led to the widespread of "non-grain production" of cultivated land in China, which threatens the "1.8 billion mu of arable land protection red line" as well as national food security. Both tillage layer stripped and unstripped are examples of "non-grain production" of cultivated land, which are detrimental to long-term food security because they might reduce soil fertility to varied degrees.

Damage suffered by swamp morning glory (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) exposed to vanadium (V).

To elucidate the physiological and morphological responses generated by vanadium (V) in plants, hydroponic culture experiments were performed with swamp morning glory (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) exposed to 0 mg L(-1) to 2.50 mg L(-1) pentavalent V [V(V)] in Hoagland nutrient solutions. The concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotene peaked at a V(V) concentration of 0.

Sorption of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from phytoremediation plants.

The study on biochar derived from plant biomass for environmental applications is attracting more and more attention. Twelve sets of biochar were obtained by treating four phytoremediation plants, Salix rosthornii Seemen, Thalia dealbata, Vetiveria zizanioides, and Phragmites sp., sequentially through pyrolysis at 500 °C in a N2 environment, and under different temperatures (500, 600, and 700 °C) in a CO2 environment.

Accumulation of mercury in rice grain and cabbage grown on representative Chinese soils.

A pot culture experiment was carried out to investigate the accumulation properties of mercury (Hg) in rice grain and cabbage grown in seven soil types (Udic Ferrisols, Mollisol, Periudic Argosols, Latosol, Ustic Cambosols, Calcaric Regosols, and Stagnic Anthrosols) spiked with different concentrations of Hg (CK, 0.25, 0.50, 1.

Dissipation of available benzo[a]pyrene in aging soil co-contaminated with cadmium and pyrene.

A microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the dissipation of available benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in soils co-contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and pyrene (PYR) during aging process. The available residue of BaP in soil was separated into desorbing and non-desorbing fractions. The desorbing fraction contributed more to the dissipation of available BaP than the non-desorbing fraction did.

Improved cadmium uptake and accumulation in the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii: the impact of citric acid and tartaric acid.

The elucidation of a natural strategy for metal hyperaccumulation enables the rational design of technologies for the clean-up of metal-contaminated soils. Organic acid has been suggested to be involved in toxic metallic element tolerance, translocation, and accumulation in plants. The impact of exogenous organic acids on cadmium (Cd) uptake and translocation in the zinc (Zn)/Cd co-hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii was investigated in the present study.

[Degradation of carbendazim in paddy soil and the influencing factors].

The influences of microorganism, soil moisture and cadmium (Cd) on degradation of carbendazim in paddy soil were investigated with laboratory microcosm experiments. The results showed that the half-life of carbendazim (5.0 mg x kg(-1) and 10.

Bioremediation of Cd-DDT co-contaminated soil using the Cd-hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii and DDT-degrading microbes.

The development of an integrated strategy for the remediation of soil co-contaminated by heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants is a major research priority for the decontamination of soil slated for use in agricultural production. The objective of this study was to develop a bioremediation strategy for fields co-contaminated with cadmium (Cd), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and its metabolites 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) and 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDD) (DDT, DDE, and DDD are collectively called DDs) using an identified Cd-hyperaccumulator plant Sedum alfredii (SA) and DDT-degrading microbes (DDT-1). Initially, inoculation with DDT-1 was shown to increase SA root biomass in a pot experiment.

Cadmium accumulation in different pakchoi cultivars and screening for pollution-safe cultivars.

The selection and breeding of pollution-safe cultivars (PSCs) is a practicable and cost-effective approach to minimize the influx of heavy metal to the human food chain. In this study, both pot-culture and field experiments were conducted to identify and screen out cadmium pollution-safe cultivars (Cd-PSCs) from 50 pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp.

[Differences in cadmium absorption and accumulation of Brassica varieties on cadmium-polluted soil].

A pot experiment was conducted to study the differences in cadmium (Cd) absorption and accumulation of sixty Brassica varieties on the soils added with different concentration of Cd. The results showed that when the soil Cd concentration was 0.6 mg x kg(-1) and 1.

Cadmium uptake and xylem loading are active processes in the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii.

Sedum alfredii is a well known cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator native to China; however, the mechanism behind its hyperaccumulation of Cd is not fully understood. Through several hydroponic experiments, characteristics of Cd uptake and translocation were investigated in the hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) of S. alfredii in comparison with its non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE).

Lead induced changes in the growth and antioxidant metabolism of the lead accumulating and non-accumulating ecotypes of Sedum alfredii.

The phytotoxicity and antioxidative adaptations of lead (Pb) accumulating ecotype (AE) and non-accumulating ecotype (NAE) of Sedum alfredii Hance were investigated under different Pb treatments involving 0, 0.02 mmol/L Pb, 0.1 mmol/L Pb and 0.

Enhanced root-to-shoot translocation of cadmium in the hyperaccumulating ecotype of Sedum alfredii.

Sedum alfredii (Crasulaceae) is the only known Cd-hyperaccumulating species that are not in the Brassica family; the mechanism of Cd hyperaccumulation in this plant is, however, little understood. Here, a combination of radioactive techniques, metabolic inhibitors, and fluorescence imaging was used to contrast Cd uptake and translocation between a hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) and a non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) of S. alfredii.

[Effects of dissolved organic matter derived from hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance rhizosphere on Zn adsorption and desorption in soil].

The study with pot experiment and simulation test showed that after planted hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance on mining soil, the water soluble Zn and NH4OAc extractable Zn in rhizosphere were decreased obviously, while the available Zn in non-rhizosphere had less change. The pH value of rhizosphere soil was decreased by 0. 3 units, whereas the organic matter and dissolved organic matter (DOM) contents were increased by 13.

Microbial activity and community diversity in a variable charge soil as affected by cadmium exposure levels and time.

Effects of cadmium (Cd) on microbial biomass, activity and community diversity were assessed in a representative variable charge soil (Typic Aquult) using an incubation study. Cadmium was added as Cd(NO3)(2) to reach a concentration range of 0-16 mg Cd/kg soil. Soil extractable Cd generally increased with Cd loading rate, but decreased with incubation time.

Zinc adsorption and desorption characteristics in root cell wall involving zinc hyperaccumulation in Sedum alfredii Hance.

Radiotracer techniques were employed to characterize (65)Zn adsorption and desorption in root-cell-wall of hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) species of Sedum alfredii Hance. The results indicated that at the end of a 30 min short time radioisotope loading period, comparable amounts of (65)Zn were accumulated in the roots of the two ecotypes Sedum alfredii, whereas 2.1-fold more (65)Zn remains in NHE root after 45-min desorption.

Root responses and metal accumulation in two contrasting ecotypes of Sedum alfredii Hance under lead and zinc toxic stress.

Sedum alfredii Hance has been reported to be a Zn-hyperaccumulator plant species. In this study, root morphological and physiological response of the hyperaccumulating ecotype of S. alfredii H.