Onset Time of Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block Compared with Its Thoracic Counterpart: Case Reports.

The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra (T5) is a novel technique, first published in 2016, which was found to be effective in both acute and chronic pain control. The mechanism of action and spread of local anesthetic of the ESPB at the lumbar region are thought to differ from those of the thoracic ESPB; however, the difference in onset time has never been evaluated. As for the onset of lumbar ESPBs, we presented three cases: two received lumbar ESPBs (one with chronic low back pain and one with acute postoperative hip pain), and the third one with chronic back pain received a thoracic ESPB.

BiTE-Secreting CAR-γδT as a Dual Targeting Strategy for the Treatment of Solid Tumors.

HLA-G is considered as an immune checkpoint protein and a tumor-associated antigen. In the previous work, it is reported that CAR-NK targeting of HLA-G can be used to treat certain solid tumors. However, the frequent co-expression of PD-L1 and HLA-G) and up-regulation of PD-L1 after adoptive immunotherapy may decrease the effectiveness of HLA-G-CAR.