An approach for embedding behavioural science in antimicrobial resistance One Health research.

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a global health emergency that threatens modern medicine and incurs great cost to human health. The World Health Organization as part of a quadripartite joint initiative with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Organisation for Animal Health, and United Nations Environment Programme, has recently published a One Health Priority Research Agenda for AMR. In this article we present a multidisciplinary approach, proposed by behavioural science experts, One Health experts and AMR experts to support the implementation of the Priority Research Agenda.

The cost burden of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis depending on biologic treatment status - a Danish register-based study.

Background: Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease may be treated with biologics, depending on several medical and non-medical factors. This study investigated healthcare costs and production values of patients treated with biologics.

Methods: This national register study included patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) between 2003 and 2015, identified in the Danish National Patient Register (DNPR).

Extraintestinal Manifestations and Other Comorbidities in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease: A Danish Nationwide Registry Study 2003-2016.

Background: Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be a frequent complication to an underlying abnormal immune response. This study investigated the occurrence of EIMs in Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients using population-based data in Denmark from 2003 to 2016.

Methods: In this national registry-based study, incident CD and UC patients between 2003 and 2015 were matched on age and gender with non-IBD controls and followed until 2016.

Cost Burden of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in the 10-Year Period Before Diagnosis-A Danish Register-Based Study From 2003-2015.

Background: The diagnostic delay in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well known, yet the costs associated with diagnoses before IBD diagnosis have not yet been reported. This study explored societal costs and disease diagnoses 10 years before Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) diagnosis in Denmark.

Methods: This national register study included patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2015 identified in the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR) and controls who were individually matched on age and sex from the general population.

Patient preferences for medicine administration for acute agitation: results from an internet-based survey of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia in two Nordic countries.

The objective was to elicit patient preferences for medicine administration method in the management of acute agitation episodes among patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. The patients' experiences of acute agitation episodes and their management of episodes were also explored. Data were collected via an anonymous, internet-based survey of residents in Denmark or Sweden with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (October 2014 to December 2014).

The effect of the medicine administration route on health-related quality of life: Results from a time trade-off survey in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia in 2 Nordic countries.

Background: Agitation episodes are common among patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Oral and intramuscular administration methods are commonly used in pharmacological treatment of acute agitation. Recently, an innovative inhalation product with loxapine(Adasuve®)has become available for treatment of acute agitation episodes associated with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

Challenges in Commercializing Biomimetic Membranes.

The discovery of selective water channel proteins-aquaporins-has prompted growing interest in using these proteins, as the building blocks for designing new types of membranes. However, as with any other new and potentially disruptive technology, barriers for successful market entry exist. One category includes customer-related barriers, which can be influenced to some extent.

Revisiting the cost-effectiveness of universal HPV-vaccination in Denmark accounting for all potentially vaccine preventable HPV-related diseases in males and females.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the consequences of a national immunization program with HPV vaccine for both boys and girls in Denmark, including the prophylactic effects on all potentially vaccine preventable HPV-associated diseases in male and female.

Methods: The study focussed on the quadrivalent vaccine which protects against HPV type 6, 11, 16 and 18, and the vaccine's protection against genital warts, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer, anogenital cancer (anal, penile, vaginal and vulvar cancer) and head and neck cancer (oral cavity, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer) were included in the analyses. In general, the analysis was performed in two phases.

Incidence and cost of anal, penile, vaginal and vulvar cancer in Denmark.

Background: Besides being a causative agent for genital warts and cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV) contributes to 40-85% of cases of anal, penile, vaginal and vulvar cancer and precancerous lesions. HPV types 16 & 18 in particular contribute to 74-93% of these cases. Overall the number of new cases of these four cancers may be relatively high implying notable health care cost to society.

The burden of rotavirus disease in Denmark 2009-2010.

Background: This study sought to determine the incidence and the burden of severe diarrheal disease in Denmark with emphasis on rotavirus (RV) disease.

Methods: This study was designed as a national prospective disease surveillance of children <5 years of age hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Denmark during March 2009 to April 2010, using rapid RV and adenovirus antigen detection.

Results: A total of 3100 hospitalizations annually among Danish children <5 years of age can be attributed to acute gastroenteritis and 1210 (39%) of these to RV disease.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of escitalopram compared with paroxetine in treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in the United Kingdom.

Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with substantial economic burden.

Objective: To assess, from a societal perspective, the cost-effectiveness of escitalopram and paroxetine in the treatment of GAD in the UK.

Method: A decision analytic model with a 9 month time horizon was adapted to the UK setting.

ReN 1869, a novel tricyclic antihistamine, is active against neurogenic pain and inflammation.

The tricyclic compound (R)-1-(3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-1-propyl)-3-piperidine carboxylic acid (ReN 1869) is a novel, selective histamine H(1) receptor antagonist. It is orally available, well tolerated, easily enters the central nervous system (CNS) but no adverse effects are seen in mice at 300 mg/kg. ReN 1869 at 0.

Tularemia outbreak investigation in Kosovo: case control and environmental studies.

A large outbreak of tularemia occurred in Kosovo in the early postwar period, 1999-2000. Epidemiologic and environmental investigations were conducted to identify sources of infection, modes of transmission, and household risk factors. Case and control status was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and microagglutination assay.