A comparison between healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers' anxiety, depression and PTSD during the initial COVID -19 lockdown.

Objective: Several studies have found that Healthcare workers are vulnerable to mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies have made comparisons of healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs. The current study aimed to compare mental health problems among HCWs with non-HCWs during the initial lockdown of COVID 19.

Psychological responses and associated factors during the initial lockdown due to the corona disease epidemic (COVID-19) among Norwegian citizens.

Background: Ongoing COVID-19 studies pay little attention to the risk or protective factors related to psychological stress.

Aims: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression and insomnia during the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, and explore factors that might be associated with these outcomes.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted using snowball-sampling strategy.

Concerns in the Norwegian Population during the Initial Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Although concern affects one's welfare or happiness, few studies to date have focused on peoples' concerns during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. The aim of the study was to explore concerns in the Norwegian populations according to gender and age, and identify which concerns were most prominent during the lockdown. A population-based cross-sectional online survey using snowball-sampling strategies was conducted, to which 4527 adults (≥18 years) responded.

Use of Alcohol and Addictive Drugs During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Norway: Associations With Mental Health and Pandemic-Related Problems.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a major impact on people's daily life. This study aimed to examine use of alcohol and addictive drugs during the COVID-19 outbreak in Norway and examine their association with mental health problems and problems related to the pandemic. A sample of 4,527 persons responded to the survey.

Concerns Related to the COVID-19 in Adult Norwegians during the First Outbreak in 2020: A Qualitative Approach.

Concerns related to the first outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Norwegian population are studied in a cross-sectional web-survey conducted between 8 April and 20 May 2020. The qualitative thematic analysis of the open-ended question "Do you have other concerns related to the pandemic?", followed a six-step process. Concerns from 1491 informants were analyzed, 34% of women and 30% of men (p = 0.

Optimists' and pessimists' self-reported mental and global health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global health crisis. How well people cope with this situation depends on many factors, including one's personality, such as dispositional optimism. The aim of the study was to investigate: 1) optimists' and pessimists' concerns during lockdown, and mental and global health; 2) whether pessimists without known risk factors more often than optimists report being at risk for COVID-19.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Associated Factors during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway.

The COVID-19 outbreak and the sudden lockdown of society in March 2020 had a large impact on people's daily life and gave rise to concerns for the mental health in the general population. The aim of the study was to examine post-traumatic stress reactions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of symptom-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and factors associated with post-traumatic stress in the Norwegian population during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. A survey was administered via social media channels, to which a sample of 4527 adults (≥18 years) responded.

Sexual Assault and the Association With Health, Quality of Life, and Self-Efficacy in the General Norwegian Population.

The lifetime prevalence of sexual assault was examined in a representative sample of the general Norwegian adult population ( = 1,792), in addition to the association between sexual assault and health, quality of life, and general self-efficacy. Respondents completed questionnaires assessing these factors. Overall, 6.

Self-rated global health in the Norwegian general population.

Background: Prevalence studies are needed to assess the distribution of diseases. However, in a contrasting health promotion perspective, self-rated health is in itself an important field of study. This study investigated self-rated global health in the general population in Norway.

Serious life events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Norwegian population.

Background: It has been suggested that countries with more resources and better healthcare have populations with a higher risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Norway is a high-income country with good public healthcare.

Aims: To examine lifetime trauma exposure and the point prevalence of PTSD in the general Norwegian population.

Self-evaluated anxiety in the Norwegian population: prevalence and associated factors.

Background: Self-evaluations of mental health problems may be a useful complement to diagnostic assessment, but are less frequently used. This study investigated the prevalence of self-evaluated current and lifetime anxiety in the general Norwegian population, and sociodemographic and psychological factors associated with current anxiety.

Methods: A cross-sectional population survey was conducted, using anxiety stated by self-evaluation as outcome.

Flight Anxiety Reported from 1986 to 2015.

Fear of flying is one of the most common phobias. It hinders people in performing their work and hampers family relations. Even though flight traffic has increased, there are new fears.

Self-diagnosed depression in the Norwegian general population - associations with neuroticism, extraversion, optimism, and general self-efficacy.

Background: Multi-item rating scales for depression informs about the level of depression, but does not allow individuals to state by self-evaluation whether they feel depressed or not. The insider perspective on depression is rarely assessed. This study investigated the prevalence of self-diagnosed depression in the Norwegian general population, and associations with sociodemographic and psychological factors.

[July 22, 2011 – psychological reactions in patients at the accident and emergency department in Oslo].

Background: Following the bomb attack on the government quarter on 22 July 2011, many of the injured were treated at the accident and emergency department in Oslo.

Material And Method: The patients (n=79) were sent a questionnaire ten months after their treatment and again after three years. A total of 42 patients responded on one or both occasions.

General self-efficacy in the Norwegian population: Differences and similarities between sociodemographic groups.

General self-efficacy (GSE) refers to optimistic self-beliefs of being able to perform and control behaviors, and is linked with various physical and mental health outcomes. Measures of self-efficacy are commonly used in health research with clinical populations, but are less explored in relationship to sociodemographic characteristics in general populations. This study investigated GSE in relation to sociodemographic characteristics in the general population in Norway.

Population-based norms of the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R).

The most common used instrument to measure optimism, both in psychological and medical research, is the Life Orientation Test- Revised (LOT-R). A multi-countries study using the future item from the LOT-R, found that level of optimism varied between countries. The provision of population-based norms is necessary, since norms enable the application of the LOT-R in individual diagnosis to compare individuals or special patient groups' scores with reference data.

Self-harm and conventional gender roles in women.

A total of thirty-two women admitted to a general hospital for medical treatment after self-harming completed measures of conventional positive and negative masculinity and femininity. Comparisons were made with two control groups with no self-harm history; 33 women receiving psychiatric outpatient treatment and a nonclinical sample of 206 women. Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed that those with lower scores on Instrumentality and Unmitigated Agency (positive and negative masculinity) and higher scores on Insecurity (negative femininity) had greater odds of self-harming.