Clinical relevance of augmented statistical shape model of the scapula in the glenoid region.

Objective: To illustrate (a) whether a statistical shape model (SSM) augmented with anatomical landmark set(s) performs better fitting and provides improved clinical relevance over non-augmented SSM and (b) which anatomical landmark set provides the best augmentation strategy for predicting the glenoid region of the scapula.

Methods: Scapula SSM was built using 27 dry bone CT scans and augmented with three anatomical landmark sets (16 landmarks each) resulting in three augmented SSMs (aSSM, aSSM, aSSM). The non-augmented and three augmented SSMs were then used in a non-rigid registration (regression) algorithm to fit to six external scapular shapes.

Precision assessment of stereo-photogrammetrically derived facial landmarks in infants.

Background: In order to examine the suitability of an anthropometric imaging device for a particular study population, it is necessary to assess measurement error on members of the population.

Aim: We provide an analysis of the precision of a stereo-photogrammetric tool in locating 3D landmark coordinates on images of infants and present the results in a way that facilitates direct comparison with some of the precision results found in the literature.

Subjects And Methods: Intra- and inter-observer precision are examined for 26 landmarks on 21 infants.

A review of facial image analysis for delineation of the facial phenotype associated with fetal alcohol syndrome.

The facial anomalies associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), some of which are also present in individuals with less severe forms of the broader category of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), are typically identified with the aid of linear distance measurements taken between facial landmarks. Digital facial imaging methods are increasingly being used in syndrome delineation. Distance measurements derived from stereo-photogrammetry and facial surface imaging have been used to study the FAS facial anomalies.

Morphometric analysis and classification of the facial phenotype associated with fetal alcohol syndrome in 5- and 12-year-old children.

Landmark-based morphometric analysis holds promise for quantitative assessment of craniofacial dysmorphology. We describe an application of facial shape analysis to characterize the facial anomalies associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in a mixed ancestry population. Generalized Procrustes analysis, regression and discriminant function analysis were applied to stereo-photogrammetrically derived 3D coordinates of landmarks taken from 34 subjects (n = 17 FAS and n = 17 normal controls).

Design, construction, and testing of a stereo-photogrammetric tool for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome in infants.

Stereo-photogrammetry provides a low cost, easy to use, and noninvasive alternative to traditional facial anthropometry for the diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). We describe such a system for use in obtaining 3-D facial information in infants. The infant is photographed using three high resolution digital cameras simultaneously while seated in a car seat.