Systemic Risk Factors in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: a Comprehensive Review.

Background: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a major cause of vision impairment globally. Obstruction in the retinal venous system is often due to thrombus formation at arteriovenous crossing points, leading to symptoms localized to the affected retinal area. Systemic conditions like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and heart disease are recognized risk factors for RVO, influencing the components of Virchow's triad.

Evolution of macular atrophy in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration compared to fellow non-neovascular eyes.

Purpose: Τo evaluate the evolution of macular atrophy (MA) in patients with neovascular AMD (nAMD), compared with their fellow eyes exhibiting dry AMD (dAMD).

Methods: This retrospective study included 124 patients from three centers treated with anti-VEGF in their nAMD eye and having dAMD in the fellow eye. Patients without MA at baseline were analyzed to study the time to first MA development.

Impact of Cataract Surgery on IOP and Ocular Structures in Normotensive Patients and Primary and Exfoliation Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the changes in Intraocular Pressure (IOP) and other ocular parameters: the Anterior Chamber Angle (ACA), Anterior Chamber Volume (ACV), and Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD) during phacoemulsification surgery in Greek patients with normotensive eyes and those with well-controlled Open-Angle Glaucoma (OAG). Additionally, parameters such as the Corneal Thickness (CCT), Axial Length (AL), Central Macular Thickness (CMT), and Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer (RNFL) were also examined.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective observational case-control study that included 50 phakic eyes, 25 normotensive (Group 1), and 25 with OAG: 15 Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) and 10 Exfoliation Glaucoma (EXG) (Group 2).

Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy Associated With COVID-19 Infection: Is Double Heterozygous Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Mutation an Underlying Risk Factor?

The goal of this report is to present a case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) with an underlying mutation. A 36-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a sudden-onset paracentral scotoma in his left eye. Although optical coherence tomography (OCT) was normal initially, four days later, it revealed a hyperreflective band in the outer plexiform layer with disruption of the ellipsoid zone/interdigitation zone.

Progression of Macular Atrophy in Patients Receiving Long-Term Anti-VEGF Therapy for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Real-Life Data.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the progression of macular atrophy (MA) based on near-infrared reflectance (NIR) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment for at least a 6-year period.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 53 naïve patients (53 eyes) with neovascular AMD from 2 centers, who were treated with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections and had no MA at baseline. MA was evaluated in an annual basis using NIR images, while all available OCT images were used to confirm that the atrophic area fulfilled the criteria proposed by the Classification of Atrophy Meetings (CAM) group for complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy.

Hypotony Following Intravitreal Silicone Oil Removal in a Patient With a Complex Retinal Detachment With Giant Retinal Tear.

Postoperative ocular hypotony after silicone oil removal in complex cases of retinal detachment is a complication that can occur in about 20% of cases and can prevent the successful management of retinal detachments. Thus, it is critical to understand the mechanisms of hypotony and the potential interventions that can be done in order to avoid irreversible tissue damage. We present a case of a 35-year-old man who underwent intraocular surgery for removal of silicone oil tamponade following a combined scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery for a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with a giant retinal tear.

Bilateral Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy as First Manifestation of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis).

A 46-year-old man was referred to our department complaining of a bilateral progressive decrease in his visual acuity. Fundus examination revealed bilateral optic disc oedema, indicative of anterior ischaemic neuropathy (AION), and a macular star in the right eye. Laboratory analysis showed low haematocrit and haemoglobin, elevated creatinine, and increased erythrocyte segmentation rate and C-reactive protein level.

Long-term progression of myopic maculopathy in degenerative myopia as imaged by SD-OCT and IR imaging.

Clinical Relevance: Clinicians can benefit from developing an understanding of the natural disease progression of myopic maculopathy in degenerative myopia using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Background: The prevalence of high myopia is constantly increasing. In this work, infrared imaging and OCT is used to study the natural course of the disease.

Optical coherence tomography biomarkers as predictive factors for postoperative visual acuity in patients with epiretinal membrane treated with vitrectomy.

Background: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate potential predictive factors of postoperative visual outcome in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM), treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods: Participants in the study were 46 patients diagnosed with iERM, who underwent PPV. Best-corrected visual acuity measurement and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at baseline (preoperatively), and at months 6 and 12 postoperatively.

Retinal neurodegeneration, macular circulation and morphology of the foveal avascular zone in diabetic patients: quantitative cross-sectional study using OCT-A.

Purpose: Using OCT-A to investigate the association between neurodegeneration and vascular morphology in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Cross-sectional study. One hundred and sixty-two patients were enrolled and following fundoscopy were assigned to two groups according to DR severity: 54 patients to the group of no clinical signs of DR (noDR) and 54 to the non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group.

Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) Following a Hypovolemic Episode of Gastric Bleeding.

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a rare complication following acute bleeding. Patients present with varying vision loss and visual field defects. NAION is more commonly developed in patients with systemic disorders that may affect normal blood flow such as hypertension and diabetes.

Multimodal Imaging for the Assessment of Geographic Atrophy in Patients with "Foveal" and "No-Foveal" Sparing.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) for measuring geographic atrophy (GA) areas in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients with "foveal" and "no-foveal" sparing disease and compare it to other imaging modalities.

Methods: A multimodal imaging protocol was applied, using infrared (IR) imaging, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), OCTA, and en-face OCT in 35 eyes of 23 AMD patients with GA. Patients were classified into 2 groups, with and without foveal sparing disease.

Segmentation errors and motion artifacts in OCT-A associated with epiretinal membranes.

Objective: To explore segmentation errors, image quality, and motion-associated artifacts in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Methods: This is a prospective observational study. We included 39 eyes affected by ERM and 40 eyes from age-matched healthy subjects.

Pre-operative intravitreal dexamethasone implant in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema undergoing cataract surgery.

To examine preoperative use of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) undergoing cataract surgery. Participants in this study were 17 patients with DME refractory to previous treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents or dexamethasone implant, and co-existent cataract. All participants received intravitreal dexamethasone implant at baseline and underwent phacoemulsification within one month after its insertion.

The Role of Disorganization of Retinal Inner Layers as Predictive Factor of Postoperative Outcome in Patients with Epiretinal Membrane.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) as a potential predictive factor of postoperative visual outcome in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM), treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods: Participants in the study were 46 consecutive patients diagnosed with iERM, who underwent PPV. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline (preoperatively), and at months 3 and 6 postoperatively.

Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy-Like Maculopathy as Atypical Presentation of Chorioretinal Folds.

Purpose: The purpose of this case report was to present the clinical data and management of a 69-year-old female patient with chorioretinal folds who developed chronic central serous chorioretinopathy-like maculopathy.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old female patient presented with a recent-onset slight decrease in visual acuity in her left eye. Her past ocular history was clear.

Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant in Diabetic Macular Edema: Real-Life Data from a Prospective Study and Predictive Factors for Visual Outcome.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the long-term anatomical and functional outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant and to determine the predictive factors for the final visual outcome.

Methods: The study included 54 patients with DME refractory to previous antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) who were treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant. Predictive factors for visual outcome were assessed.

Eccentric Macular Hole after Pars Plana Vitrectomy for Epiretinal Membrane Without Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling: A Case Report.

Introduction: Postoperative eccentric macular hole formation is an uncommon complication after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for the treatment of epiretinal membrane (ERM). We present a case of eccentric macular hole formation after PPV for ERM without ILM peeling.

Case Report: A 68-year-old male patient presented with ERM and visual acuity of 6/24 in his left eye.

Ranibizumab versus dexamethasone implant for central retinal vein occlusion: the RANIDEX study.

Purpose: To compare intravitreal ranibizumab and dexamethasone implant in patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).

Methods: Participants were 42 treatment naive patients with ME due to CRVO, who received either intravitreal 0.5 mg ranibizumab (n = 25) or intravitreal 0.

Full-thickness macular hole formation following anti-VEGF injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Macular hole (MH) is part of a group of age-related degenerative diseases characterized by pathology of vitreomacular interface. Similarly, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) affects older patients and is a leading cause of irreversible visual loss. The purpose of this case series is to describe the development of full-thickness MH in patients with nAMD, following antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.

Risk Factors for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Multivariate Approach in a Case-Control Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the potential risk factors associated independently with central serous retinopathy (CSR) in a Greek population, using multivariate approach.

Materials And Methods: Participants in the study were 183 consecutive patients diagnosed with CSR and 183 controls, matched for age. All participants underwent complete ophthalmological examination and information regarding their sociodemographic, clinical, medical and ophthalmological history were recorded, so as to assess potential risk factors for CSR.

Bilateral Hypertensive Retinopathy Complicated with Retinal Neovascularization: Panretinal Photocoagulation or Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Treatment?

Purpose: To present the case of a patient with bilateral hypertensive retinopathy complicated with retinal neovascularization who received anti-VEGF intravitreal injection in one eye and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in the fellow eye.

Methods: A 33-year-old male patient presented with gradual visual loss in both eyes for the last 5 months. At that time, he was examined by an ophthalmologist and occlusive retinopathy due to malignant systematic hypertension was diagnosed.

Retinal arterial occlusive disease in a young patient with cat scratch disease.

Purpose: To report an unusual case of a branch retinal arterial occlusion and bilateral multifocal retinitis in a young woman with cat scratch disease.

Methods: A 23-year-old woman was referred to our clinic complaining of a sudden scotoma in the upper part of the visual field of her left eye. Fundoscopy revealed occlusion of an inferior temporal branch of the retinal artery in the left eye and bilateral multifocal retinitis, which was confirmed by fluorescein angiography.

Macular hole surgery with short-acting gas and short-duration face-down positioning.

Purpose: To report on the outcomes of vitrectomy and sulfur hexafluoride (SF(6)) gas tamponade for idiopathic macular holes with 2 days of face-down positioning.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective, nonrandomized, observational sequential case-series study on 23 consecutive patients receiving macular hole surgery using 20% SF(6) and advised to stay in a face-down position for 2 days postoperatively (SF(6) group). These patients were compared to 23 consecutive patients who had previously undergone macular hole surgery, had received 14% C(3)F(8), and were advised to maintain a face-down position for 2 days (C(3)F(8) group).

Lamellar macular hole formation following vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate lamellar macular hole formation in six patients after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of patients who underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair was performed. Optical coherence tomography characteristics and best-corrected visual acuity were evaluated.