Geographic Variability, Seasonality, and Increase in ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center Harmful Blue-Green Algae Calls-United States and Canada, 2010-2022.

Harmful cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) exposures can cause illness or death in humans and animals. We characterized American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) harmful blue-green algae (HBGA) call data, compared it to a measure of harmful algal bloom public awareness, and considered its suitability as a public health information source. ASPCA APCC dog and cat "HBGA exposure" calls made 1 January 2010-31 December 2022 were included.

Eyes Instead of Ears: Eye Injuries Following Ocular Exposure to Otic Medications.

To determine the epidemiology of ocular exposures and toxicoses in dogs and cats from otic products, 79 dog and cat cases with an ocular exposure to a topical otic medication were retrieved from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control Center database. Prescription products were involved in 75/79 (95%) of cases, and over-the-counter products in 4 (5%). Clinical signs included conjunctivitis, blepharospasm, epiphora, ocular discharge, and corneal ulceration.

Acute kidney injury in dogs following ingestion of cream of tartar and tamarinds and the connection to tartaric acid as the proposed toxic principle in grapes and raisins.

Objective: To (1) describe exposure history, clinical signs, treatment, and diagnostic findings in 4 dogs following ingestion of tamarinds, and in 2 dogs following ingestion of cream of tartar, and (2) discuss tartaric acid, the common denominator, as the proposed toxic principle in tamarinds and grapes.

Series Summary: Reports in which dogs developed acute kidney injury following ingestion of cream of tartar or tamarinds were identified from the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center electronic database. In these cases, decontamination was not performed, and treatments were delayed.

Topical Minoxidil Exposures and Toxicoses in Dogs and Cats: 211 Cases (2001-2019).

Topical minoxidil is a medication for hair loss, initially available in the United States by prescription only and available since 1996 as an over-the-counter product. To determine the epidemiology of minoxidil exposures and toxicoses in dogs and cats, 211 dog and cat cases with topical minoxidil exposure were identified from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control Center database. In 87 cases with clinical signs of toxicosis (62 cats, 25 dogs), case narratives were reviewed and coded for exposure-related circumstances.

Suspected hepatotoxicity secondary to trazodone therapy in a dog.

Objective: To describe a case of suspected hepatotoxicity in a dog secondary to administration of trazodone.

Case Summary: A 6-year-old, neutered, mixed breed dog was evaluated for a progressive increased liver enzyme activity over a 6-week period. The patient originally presented for raisin toxicosis, and hence, was having serial blood work monitoring performed.

Systemic lime sulfur toxicosis secondary to dermal exposure in two cats.

Objective: To describe a case series of systemic lime sulfur toxicosis secondary to topical administration in 2 cats.

Case Summary: Two cats from the same household that were being previously treated for Microsporum canis were presented following topical administration of an incorrectly diluted lime sulfur dip. A 30% solution was used rather than the recommended 3% solution, resulting in a 10-fold concentration overdose.

Duloxetine ingestion in 364 dogs.

Objective: To describe abnormal clinical signs following duloxetine ingestion in dogs.

Animals: 364 client-owned dogs that ingested duloxetine.

Procedures: The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Animal Poison Control Center electronic database was searched for records of dogs with duloxetine ingestion between January 2012 and December 2016.

Dermatological topical products used in the US population and their toxicity to dogs and cats.

Background: Many dermatological topicals are available for human use and may be toxic to dogs and cats. No epidemiological studies have been performed in the US population on the use of dermatological topical prescription drugs, and their toxicosis to dogs and cats.

Objectives: Summarize the variety of dermatological topical prescriptions potentially used by pet owners in the United States (US), and describe the epidemiology of dog and cat exposures and toxicities.

An Overview of Trends in Animal Poisoning Cases in the United States: 2011 to 2017.

Each year the Animal Poison Control Center of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals receives thousands of reports of suspected animal poisonings. By using an electronic medical record database maintained by the Animal Poison Control Center, data on current trends in animal poisoning cases are mined and analyzed This article explores recent trends in veterinary toxicology including the types of animals and breeds that are most commonly exposed to different toxicants, seasonal and geographic distribution of poisoning incidents, the therapies that are most commonly administered, and trends in agents that are most frequently involved in poisonings.

Toxicology of Explosives and Fireworks in Small Animals.

Exposure to explosives and fireworks in dogs can result in variable severity of clinical signs depending on the presence of different chemicals and the amount. The risk can be lessened by proper education of dog handlers and owners about the seriousness of the intoxications. Most animals will recover within 24 to 72 hours with supportive care.

Toxicology of Newer Insecticides in Small Animals.

In the broadest definition, a pesticide (from fly swatters to chemicals) is a substance used to eliminate a pest. Newer insecticides are much safer to the environment, humans, and nontarget species. These insecticides are able to target physiologic differences between insects and mammals, resulting in greater mammalian safety.

Isoniazid toxicosis in dogs: 137 cases (2004-2014).

OBJECTIVE To establish the minimum toxic dose of isoniazid in dogs, characterize the clinical signs and outcomes for dogs following isoniazid ingestion, and determine whether IV administration of pyridoxine to dogs with isoniazid toxicosis is protective against death. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 137 dogs with isoniazid toxicosis.

Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies of erythritol in Beagle dogs.

Polyols, also known as sugar alcohols, are widely used in the formulation of tooth-friendly and reduced-calorie foods. Considering the significant health benefits of polyols in products formulated for human use, there is increased interest in evaluating potential uses in companion animal applications. Erythritol and xylitol are two polyols which are currently widely used in products ranging from reduced-sugar foods to personal care and cosmetics.

Diphenhydramine exposure in dogs: 621 cases (2008-2013).

OBJECTIVE To characterize the signalment, dose response, and clinical signs of diphenhydramine toxicosis in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 621 dogs with diphenhydramine exposure.

Retrospective evaluation of methionine intoxication associated with urinary acidifying products in dogs: 1,525 cases (2001-2012).

Objective: To describe the signalment, clinical findings, timing of signs, outcome, and prognosis in a population of dogs exposed to methionine through the ingestion of urine acidifying products.

Design: Retrospective observational study from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2012.

Setting: Animal Poison Control Center.

Toxicology of explosives and fireworks in small animals.

Intoxication with explosives or fireworks in dogs or cats is not common, but serious toxicosis can result from exposure to different types of explosives depending on the chemical class of explosive involved. This article will discuss the different types of materials/chemicals, clinical signs of toxicosis, and their treatment. Despite the complexities of explosives and plethora of different devices currently in use worldwide, the toxic potential is more easily explained by looking at the relatively short list of chemical classes used to produce these materials.

Toxicology of newer insecticides in small animals.

In the broadest definition, a pesticide (from fly swatters to chemicals) is a substance used to eliminate a pest. Newer insecticides are much safer to the environment, humans and non target species. These insecticides are able to target physiologic differences between insects and mammals, resulting in greater mammalian safety.

General toxicologic hazards and risks for search-and-rescue dogs responding to urban disasters.

In large-scale disasters, it is not always possible to identify every potential toxic agent to which SAR dogs may be exposed. However, an understanding of the basic means by which dogs may be exposed to toxic agents can aid veterinarians in determining basic risks for particular SAR sites and allow veterinarians to institute general preventive measures (eg, frequent eye washes) to minimize exposure. Discussions with public health and other authorities on-site may aid in identifying site-specific risks for SAR dogs.

Accidental ingestion of alprazolam in 415 dogs.

Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine anti-anxiety agent that acts at the limbic, thalamic, and hypothalamic level of the CNS and has anxioytic. sedative, hypnotic, skeletal muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. A retrospective study was conducted of 415 alprazolam ingestions in dogs reported to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center between January 1998 and August 2000: 238 suspected alprazolam toxicoses in dogs were evaluated.