Refractive error in unilateral Duane syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate whether chronic co-contraction of the medial and lateral rectus muscles leads to higher against-the-rule astigmatism in affected versus fellow eyes in Duane syndrome.

Methods: A database of 4,103 patients of Dr. Arthur Jampolsky was queried for diagnosis of Duane syndrome.

Optic Nerve Aplasia.

Objective: Optic nerve aplasia (ONA) is a rare ocular anomaly. We report ophthalmologic, systemic, and genetic findings in ONA.

Methods: Patients were identified through an International Pediatric Ophthalmology listserv and from the practice of the senior author.

Endophthalmitis after strabismus surgery: incidence and outcome in relation to age, operated eye muscle, surgical technique, scleral perforation and immune state.

Purpose: Identify risk factors for endophthalmitis after strabismus surgery (EASS) and relate these to incidence and outcome.

Methods: Ophthalmologists, who had operated, diagnosed or treated EASS, completed a case record form with 71 questions in six domains: Preoperative, Surgery, Perforation, Postoperative, Outcome and Experts' opinion. To estimate the age-specific incidence per number of strabismus operations in the Netherlands during 1994-2013, the age distribution of Dutch cases was compared with the age-specific rates of strabismus surgery in the Dutch Registry of Strabismus Operations and with population data.

Ophthalmic manifestations of perinatally acquired HIV in a US cohort of long-term survivors.

Background/aims: To determine the ophthalmic manifestations of HIV in a cohort of long-term survivors of perinatally acquired HIV.

Methods: Twenty-two patients with perinatally acquired HIV who were aged ≥12 years were prospectively studied at a university clinic. They underwent complete ophthalmic examinations and fundus photography.

Clinical problems in strabismus: the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute symposium.

The Smith Kettlewell Eye Research Institute (SKERI), celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2014, hosted a symposium to identify the most pressing clinical problems in strabismus and binocular vision. Forty-five experts from around the world shared their perspectives at the San Francisco meeting, held November 6-9, 2012. Prior to the meeting, the organizers (TR, APW, RH, JB, AJ) asked attendees to identify the most pressing clinical problems in strabismus and to discuss them in a workshop-based format.

Errors in strabismus surgery.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of and contributing factors for errors in strabismus surgery.

Methods: Five hundred seventeen of 1103 strabismus surgeons (46.87%) completed a survey administered during the 2011 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus national meeting or e-mailed to members of the association.

Chorioretinal architecture in Aicardi syndrome: an optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography study.

Aicardi syndrome is a rare congenital disorder with a classic triad of infantile spasms, chorioretinal lacunae, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. We report the use of fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography to examine the posterior segment structures in an 8-month-old girl with Aicardi syndrome. Most of the observed features correlated with previously published histopathological findings, but inner nuclear layer cysts have not been previously described.

Effect of timing and duration of tamsulosin exposure on complications in resident-performed phacoemulsification.

Background And Objectives: Tamsulosin can cause intraoperative floppy iris syndrome and increase the risk of phacoemulsification complications. This study evaluated whether the risk of complications was associated with the timing or duration of preoperative tamsulosin exposure.

Patients And Methods: The current study was a retrospective review of electronic medical records of resident-performed phacoemulsification surgeries from 1998 to 2008 at a Veterans Administration Hospital.

Pathological findings in poststrabismus surgery endophthalmitis.

Bacterial entry into the vitreous cavity via inadvertent scleral perforation is one postulated mechanism for poststrabismus surgery endophthalmitis. In a review of 746 cases, we identified 2 pediatric enucleation specimens related to complications of strabismus surgery. In both cases, the patients developed postoperative endophthalmitis and no light perception vision, and the eyes were enucleated when they became phthisical or painful.

Severe zone III retinopathy of prematurity in an infant with a birth weight of more than 1,500 grams.

The authors report zone III stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment in a former 1,692-g 30 6/7-week twin cared for in a modern intensive care nursery. This case highlights the need for identifying biomarkers that increase the risk of severe retinopathy of prematurity so that screening guidelines can be optimized.

Clinicopathologic review of pediatric enucleations during the last 50 years.

Purpose: To evaluate diagnoses leading to enucleations in the pediatric age group over time.

Methods: All pathology reports of enucleation specimens at the University of California-San Francisco eye pathology laboratory from children (ages 0 to 18 years) from 1960 to 2008 were reviewed. The main outcome measures were the frequency of pediatric enucleation specimens in each diagnostic category as compared with total pathological laboratory volume over time, and the age and gender distribution of histopathological diagnostic categories over time.

Analysis of clinical misdiagnoses in children treated with enucleation.

Objective: To evaluate discordant clinical and pathological diagnoses leading to pediatric enucleations over time.

Methods: All pathology reports of pediatric enucleation specimens (subjects aged 0 to 18 years) from 1960 to 2008 were reviewed. Specimens with discordant clinical and pathologic diagnoses were further analyzed.

Resident-performed phacoemulsification surgery in tamsulosin-treated patients.

Objectives: To compare intraoperative complication rates and visual outcomes for patients treated and not treated with tamsulosin hydrochloride who underwent resident-performed phacoemulsification, and to determine whether the recognition of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome in 2005 affected the subsequent complication rates for tamsulosin-treated patients.

Methods: This comparative retrospective cohort study included 101 tamsulosin-treated eyes and 404 non-tamsulosin-treated eyes from January 1, 1998, to August 31, 2008. Main outcome measures were major and minor complication rates and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity.

The decline of pneumococcal resistance after cessation of mass antibiotic distributions for trachoma.

After 6 biannual mass distributions of oral azithromycin for trachoma in Ethiopian communities, 76.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66.3%-85.

Severe Hypotony Associated With Parry-Romberg Syndrome.

Parry-Romberg syndrome is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by progressive hemifacial atrophy and ocular involvement. Two patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome who had mild heterochromic uveitis but developed profound ocular hypotony were evaluated. A 17-year-old girl and a 32-year-old woman with Parry-Romberg syndrome developed chronic uveitis with gradual worsening of intraocular pressure to 0 mm Hg.

Retinal vascular abnormalities and dragged maculae in a carrier with a new NDP mutation (c.268delC) that caused severe Norrie disease in the proband.

Norrie disease (ND) is caused by mutations in the ND pseudoglioma (NDP) gene (MIM 300658) located at chromosome Xp11.4-p11.3.

Posterior subcapsular cataracts in children receiving adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for infantile spasms.

Posterior subcapsular cataract is a well-known complication of corticosteroid treatment. While this association has not been established for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment, similar side effects would be expected for the 2 drugs given the mechanism of ACTH, which stimulates glucocorticoid synthesis and secretion. The authors report 2 children who were treated with ACTH for infantile spasms who developed bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts.

Crystal-storing histiocytosis and crystalline keratopathy caused by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the occurrence of crystalline keratopathy and of orbital infiltrative disease resulting from crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) in a patient with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

Methods: The authors conducted a review of a medical record and immunohistopathologic studies.

Results: A 66-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of unilateral progressive ptosis, proptosis, and external ophthalmoplegia.

Risk factors for intraoperative complications in resident-performed phacoemulsification surgery.

Purpose: To determine the risk factors for intraoperative complications in resident-performed phacoemulsification surgery and the effect of complications on postoperative visual acuity.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: A total of 320 consecutive eyes of predominantly male (96.

Vertically acquired community methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus dacryocystitis in a neonate.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are becoming increasingly common in the community, especially among children.(1) Community MRSA differs from the more familiar nosocomial MRSA in having a distinct epidemiology and a broader antibiotic-susceptibility profile.(2) Community MRSA can infect the eye and orbit.

"Heavy Eye" syndrome in the absence of high myopia: A connective tissue degeneration in elderly strabismic patients.

Purpose: In axial high myopes with "heavy eye" syndrome, orbital MRI can be use to demonstrate degeneration of the lateral rectus-superior rectus (LR-SR) band, with the result that the lateral rectus muscle slips inferiorly and causes esotropia and hypotropia. We investigated whether this degeneration might also cause strabismus in nonmyopic elderly patients.

Methods: Three elderly patients with strabismus, 3 strabismic high myopes, and 12 orthotropic elderly subjects underwent ophthalmic examinations and orbital MRI.

Lemierre's syndrome with fourth nerve palsy.

Lemierre's syndrome is characterized by acute oropharyngeal infection with secondary internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis and subsequent metastatic infections. The anaerobe Fusobacterium necrophorum is the usual etiologic agent, although other microorganisms, including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, and Lactobacilli, may be present alone or in combination with F. necrophorum.

Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis ocular infection in trachoma-endemic communities by rRNA amplification.

Purpose: Trachoma remains the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mass antibiotic distributions in its strategy to eliminate blinding trachoma. To determine the most effective antibiotic treatment strategy, it is essential to have a diagnostic test that can correctly measure the true status of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in individuals, particularly after treatment.