Exploring preparedness transitions in medicine and pharmacy: a qualitative longitudinal study to inform multiprofessional learning opportunities.

Despite extensive preparedness literature, existing studies fail to adequately explore healthcare graduates' feelings of preparedness longitudinally across new graduate transition journeys, nor do they compare different healthcare professions to ascertain what opportunities exist for multiprofessional transition interventions. Therefore, this Australian study, underpinned by temporal theory, explores the preparedness transitions of medicine and pharmacy graduates. Our 6-month qualitative longitudinal study involved 12 medicine and 7 pharmacy learners after purposive sampling.

The Complicated Middle of the Academic Deanery.

The complicated and ever-growing roles of assistant and associate deans (A-deans) can often be compared to those of middle managers. With responsibilities that are rapidly expanding and often unclear or overlapping with other personnel, A-deans may face identity crises. Additionally, because they are often not at the full professor level, they may experience difficulty achieving promotion.

Effect of a curriculum transformation on pharmacy student self-efficacy, self-reported activities, and satisfaction in degree and career choice.

Background: Curriculum revision in healthcare programs occurs frequently, but to undergo a whole degree transformation is less common. Also, the outcomes of curriculum redesign interventions on the selfreported clinical decision making, experiences, and perceptions of graduates of health education programs is unclear. This study evaluated these factors as an outcome of a pharmacy degree whole-curriculum transformation.

Predicting the Success of International Pharmacists in a Distance-Based US Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) Program: Results from a 5-Year Cohort.

Background: To establish the predictors of success in an international-trained PharmD (ITPD) program between admission criteria and academic performance. Methods: The primary outcome of this study was the correlation of admission criteria with didactic and experiential grade point averages (GPA) for the first 5 years. Candidates meeting the minimum criteria completed a competency exam or the US-Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Equivalency Exam (US-FPGEE).

Cognitive and Metacognitive Processes Demonstrated by Pharmacy Students When Making Therapeutic Decisions.

To characterize the types of cognitive and metacognitive processes demonstrated by third-year pharmacy students during a therapeutic reasoning activity. A qualitative, descriptive study following a think-aloud protocol was used to analyze the cognitive (analytical) and metacognitive processes observed by third-year pharmacy students as they completed a 25-minute therapeutic reasoning activity. Using a deductive codebook developed from literature about reasoning, two independent coders characterized processes from students' audio-recorded, transcribed think-aloud episodes while making therapeutic decisions about simulated clinical cases.

Understanding Health Care Graduates' Conceptualizations of Transitions: A Longitudinal Qualitative Research Study.

Purpose: Although transitions have been defined in various ways in the higher education literature (e.g., inculcation, development, becoming), little research exists exploring health care learners' conceptualizations of transitions across their transition from final year to new graduate.

Preceptor Perceptions of Pharmacy Student Performance Before and After a Curriculum Transformation.

To explore preceptors' perceptions about the performance of undergraduate pharmacy students during experiential placements in Australia, before and after curricular transformation. Using a semi-structured approach, we interviewed 26 preceptors who had recently supervised students who took part in the transformed curriculum and students from the previous curriculum. A directed content analysis approach was used to analyze the transcripts.

Predictors of Pharmacy Student Performance on Written and Clinical Examinations in a Flipped Classroom Curriculum.

To examine the effects of student demographics, prior academic performance, course engagement, and time management on pharmacy students' performance on course examinations and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). Study participants were one cohort of pharmacy students enrolled in a five-year combined Bachelor and Master of Pharmacy degree program at one institution. Variables included student demographics, baseline factors (language assessment and situational judgement test scores), prior academic performance (high school admission rank), course engagement, and student time management of pre-class online activities.

Exploring health care graduates' conceptualisations of preparedness for practice: A longitudinal qualitative research study.

Introduction: Although preparedness for practice (P4P) has been variously described, little shared understanding exists about what P4P is across the health professions. How P4P is conceptualised matters, because this shapes how stakeholders think, talk about and act towards it. Further, multiple understandings can result in diverse expectations for graduate performance.

Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for Global Health.

Purpose: As global health education and training shift toward competency-based approaches, academic institutions and organizations must define appropriate assessment strategies for use across health professions. The authors aim to develop entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for global health to apply across academic and workplace settings.

Method: In 2019, the authors invited 55 global health experts from medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and public health to participate in a multiround, online Delphi process; 30 (55%) agreed.

The clinical educator's guide to fostering learner motivation: AMEE Guide No. 137.

Motivation theory and research remain underused by health professions educators. Some educators say it can seem too abstract. To address this, we applied health care language to learner motivation theories.

Emerging Innovations and Professional Skills Needed Within Pharmacy Curricula.

To ensure students are prepared for the rapidly evolving world of health care, curricula must be aligned with emerging innovations, as well as professional skills likely to influence students' abilities to be successful. At the 2019 annual meeting of PharmAlliance institutions, we asked experts to identify innovations and professional skills necessary for the future of pharmacy practice. Experts identified a wide range of topics, including personalized and precision medicine, digital health, interprofessional collaboration, clinical decision making, and overcoming complexity and ambiguity.

Sustainable Pharmacy Education in the Time of COVID-19.

Pharmacy schools and colleges worldwide are facing unprecedented challenges to ensuring sustainable education during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The experiences of pharmacy educators in the Asia-Pacific region in delivering emergency remote teaching, ensuring purposeful experiential placements, supporting displaced or isolated students, and communicating with faculty members, staff members, and students are discussed. The role of this pandemic in accelerating opportunities for new models of pharmacy education across the world is also discussed.

Global sale of tobacco products and electronic nicotine delivery systems in community pharmacies.

Objective: To estimate the proportion of countries/territories that allow sales of tobacco products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in community pharmacies.

Methods: International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) member organisations were contacted by email and asked to respond to a two-item survey assessing whether their country/territory allowed sales of (a) tobacco products and (b) ENDS in community pharmacies.

Results: Of 95 countries/territories contacted, responses were received from 60 (63.

Ethics Simulation in Global Health Training (ESIGHT).

Introduction: Many health care trainees and providers have reported feeling unprepared for the ethical dilemmas they faced while practicing in global health. Simulation is an effective teaching modality in the training of health care professionals. This resource describes the development, implementation, and assessment of an innovative simulation training program for global health ethics.

Development of a global hospital self-assessment tool and prioritization tier system based on FIP's Basel Statements.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop and pilot a hospital self-assessment tool and prioritization system for hospitals to evaluate their pharmacy practice performance against the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)'s Basel Statements.

Methods: To develop the self-assessment tool, we reviewed the Basel statements to identify characteristics that could be measured at the individual hospital level and finalized these based on feedback from five cognitive interviews. The survey instrument was pilot tested in four countries; two high-, one lower middle- and one low-income country.

Barriers to medication taking among Kuwaiti patients with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study.

Background: Nonadherence to medications among Kuwaitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be a major barrier to appropriate management of the disease. Published studies of barriers to medication adherence in T2DM suggest a Western bias, which may not adequately describe the Kuwaiti experience.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore barriers to medication adherence among Kuwaiti adults with T2DM.

The WHO UNESCO FIP Pharmacy Education Taskforce.

Pharmacists' roles are evolving from that of compounders and dispensers of medicines to that of experts on medicines within multidisciplinary health care teams. In the developing country context, the pharmacy is often the most accessible or even the sole point of access to health care advice and services. Because of their knowledge of medicines and clinical therapeutics, pharmacists are suitably placed for task shifting in health care and could be further trained to undertake functions such as clinical management and laboratory diagnostics.

An interdisciplinary online course in health care informatics.

Objectives: To design an interdisciplinary course in health care informatics that enables students to: (1) understand how to incorporate technology into the provision of safe, effective and evidence-based health care; (2) make decisions about the value and ethical application of specific technologies; and (3) appreciate the perspectives and roles of patients and providers when using technology in care.

Design: An online, interdisciplinary elective course using a distributive learning model was created. Standard courseware was used to manage teaching and to facilitate student/instructor interactions.

Using digital videos displayed on personal digital assistants (PDAs) to enhance patient education in clinical settings.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of using an audiovisual animation (i.e., digital video) displayed on a personal digital assistant (PDA) for patient education in a clinical setting.