Technology and its ethics in nursing and caring journals: An integrative literature review.

Background: Over the past 20 years, the impact of technology has increased significantly in health care. The diversity of technology is growing and its knowledge scattered. The concept of technology is ambiguous in caring and nursing sciences and its ethics remains unidentified.

Determination of concept technology - the ontology of the concept as a component of the knowledge development in caring science.

The purpose of this study is to determine the ontology of the concept of technology from the perspective of caring science. The aim is to increase knowledge of the concept in caring science and to answer the research question concerning what the concept of technology is in caring science. In literature, the concept of technology is used diversely referring it to caring technology, nursing technology, wellbeing technology, information technology, telenursing and technology in care named by a specific device or an area of nursing or medicine.

Developing an instrument to evaluate suffering related to care.

The ultimate purpose of caring is to alleviate suffering. Interest in the question of suffering has increased in a marked way in the fields of nursing and caring science during the last decade. The aim of the pilot-study was to test the validity and reliability of a newly construed instrument to assess suffering related to care in a sample of 130 nurses.