Recent fieldwork and fungarium studies double known diversity of and improve understanding of species distributions.

is a small genus comprising five species of inoperculate discomycetes in the order Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) often recognizable by their bright yellowish-green colors and gregarious growth on wood. In this study, we describe five new species-, and -based on a combination of recent fieldwork and examination of previously collected fungarium specimens. We use an integrative taxonomic approach to support the distinction of new species, incorporating morphology and DNA sequence data with biogeography.

Patterns recovered in phylogenomic analysis of and close relatives implicate broad environmental flexibility in clade yeasts.

Fungal pathogens commonly originate from benign or non-pathogenic strains living in the natural environment. The recently emerged human pathogen, is one example of a fungus believed to have originated in the environment and recently transitioned into a clinical setting. To date, however, there is limited evidence about the origins of this species in the natural environment and when it began associating with humans.

Mr. Toad's Wild Fungi: Fungal Isolate Diversity on Colorado Boreal Toads and their Capacity for Pathogen Inhibition.

The amphibian skin pathogen () has caused an ongoing biodiversity crisis, including in the locally endangered Colorado boreal toad (). Although researchers have investigated the bacteria living on amphibian skin and how they interact with , there is less information about fungal community members. This study describes (1) the diversity of culturable fungi from boreal toad skin, (2) which subset of these isolates is -inhibitory, and (3) how affects these isolates' growth and morphology.

Comparative genomics and phylogenomic investigation of the class Geoglossomycetes provide insights into ecological specialization and the systematics of Pezizomycotina.

Despite their global presence and ubiquity, members of the class Geoglossomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) are understudied systematically and ecologically. These fungi have long been presumed saprobic due to their occurrence in or near leaf litter and soils. Additionally, they lack an apparent association with other organisms, reinforcing this perception.

A Metagenomic Investigation of Spatial and Temporal Changes in Sewage Microbiomes across a University Campus.

Wastewater microbial communities are not static and can vary significantly across time and space, but this variation and the factors driving the observed spatiotemporal variation often remain undetermined. We used a shotgun metagenomic approach to investigate changes in wastewater microbial communities across 17 locations in a sewer network, with samples collected from each location over a 3-week period. Fecal material-derived bacteria constituted a relatively small fraction of the taxa found in the collected samples, highlighting the importance of environmental sources to the sewage microbiome.

Evidence for the agricultural origin of resistance to multiple antimicrobials in Aspergillus fumigatus, a fungal pathogen of humans.

Pathogen resistance to clinical antimicrobial agents is an urgent problem. The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus causes 300,000 life-threatening infections in susceptible humans annually. Azoles, which are widely used in both clinical and agricultural settings, are currently the most effective treatment, but resistance to clinical azoles is emerging worldwide.

Complete mitochondrial genomes provide current refined phylogenomic hypotheses for relationships among ten species.

is the most species-rich genus of the passerine swallow family (Hirundinidae) and has a cosmopolitan distribution. Here we report the complete, annotated mitochondrial genomes for 25 individuals from 10 of the 14 extant species; these include representatives from four subspecies of the barn swallow, . Mitogenomes were conserved in size, ranging from 18,500 to 18,700 base pairs.