Attributes Influencing Insulin Pen Preference Among Caregivers and Patients With Diabetes Who Require Greater Than 20 Units of Mealtime Insulin.

Background: This study compared patient preference for Humalog® KwikPen™ 200 units/mL (insulin lispro; hereafter, IL 200 pen; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) versus the Humalog KwikPen 100 units/mL (insulin lispro; hereafter, IL 100 pen; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) in patients with diabetes requiring >20 units of mealtime insulin and diabetes caregivers. This study also determined which attributes had the greatest influence on pen preference selection.

Methods: In this 2-period, crossover, simulated-use study, 106 participants were randomized to 1 of 8 sequences that varied the pen order (IL 100 pen or IL 200 pen) and dosing order (15 units = low dose or 50 units = high dose) for a total of 4 simulated injections.

A comparison of glide force characteristics between 2 prefilled insulin lispro pens.

Glide force, average glide force, and glide force variability of the insulin lispro 200 units/mL pen (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA) were compared to the Humalog KwikPen 100 units/mL pen (hereafter, KwikPen; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA). Data were collected on 2 doses, 2 injection speeds, and 2 needle types. Insulin lispro 200 units/mL pen showed significantly lower maximum glide force, average glide force, and glide force variability than the KwikPen across all combinations of dose size, dose speed, and needle type.

Insulin Lispro with Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion is Safe and Effective in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial of Insulin Lispro Versus Insulin Aspart.

Objective: This study provides clinical information regarding the use of insulin lispro versus insulin aspart in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Methods: After a 2-week lead-in period, 122 subjects treated with CSII therapy were randomized to 32 weeks of treatment during 2 separate 16-week treatment periods (TPs) with crossover beginning with insulin lispro (n = 60) or insulin aspart (n = 62). Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total daily insulin dose, and weight were recorded at the end of TP1 and TP2.

Glycemic control after 6 days of insulin pump reservoir use in type 1 diabetes: results of double-blind and open-label cross-over trials of insulin lispro and insulin aspart.

Background: The objective of the current study was to assess mean self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG), on day 6 of 6 days of continuous reservoir wear (6D), with insulin lispro (Lis) or insulin aspart (Asp).

Methods: Two 24-week, randomized trials were conducted in subjects with type 1 diabetes treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) for ≥6 months, with a mean total daily insulin dose capable of supporting 6 days of in-reservoir use. Study 1 had an open-label, six-sequence, three-treatment, three-period, cross-over design.

Efficacy and safety of insulin lispro in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective metaanalysis of 7 randomized controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of insulin lispro in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who had a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 (obese) compared with patients with BMIs <30 kg/m2 (nonobese).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of predefined end-points from 7 randomized clinical trials of T2DM patients treated with insulin lispro was performed. The primary efficacy measure was to assess the noninferiority of insulin lispro in obese patients versus nonobese patients as measured by the change in hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) from baseline to Month 3 (n = 1,518), using a noninferiority margin of 0.

Efficacy and safety of insulin lispro in geriatric patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective analysis of seven randomized controlled clinical trials.

Background And Aims: Glycemic control in geriatric patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains clinically challenging. The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of insulin lispro in patients C65 years (geriatric) to those\65 years (non-geriatric), using a metaanalysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT).

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of predefined endpoints from an integrated database of seven RCTs of T2DM patients treated with insulin lispro.

Oral supplementation with L-lysine did not prevent upper respiratory infection in a shelter population of cats.

Cats in animal shelters are highly susceptible to infection by feline herpesvirus (FHV) by virtue of their stress and close proximity to other cats. Animal shelters take several different approaches to prevent FHV-related upper respiratory infections (URIs), including empirically treating all cats with L-lysine, a supplement believed to prevent the replication of FHV and, therefore, manifestations of herpesvirus infections. In this study we tested oral supplementation of L-lysine as a means to prevent URIs.

Memory deficits correlating with acetylcholinesterase splice shift and amyloid burden in doubly transgenic mice.

Current mouse models of Alzheimer's disease show brain pathology that correlates to a degree with memory impairment, but underlying molecular mechanisms remained unknown. Here we report studies with three lines of transgenic mice: animals that doubly express mutated human amyloid precursor protein (APPswe) and human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE); and animals transgenic for only the APPswe or the hAChE. Among these genotypes, variations were observed in expression of mRNA for presenilin-1, which was highest in singly transgenic hAChE mice, and the stress-inducible form of AChE, which was elevated when both transgenes were present.

The role of acetylcholinesterase in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

Treatment of Alzheimer's disease has been dominated by the use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. These drugs compensate for the death of cholinergic neurons and offer symptomatic relief by inhibiting acetylcholine (ACh) turnover and restoring synaptic levels of this neurotransmitter. Recently, however, AChE itself has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.