Soluble RAGE enhances muscle regeneration after cryoinjury in aged and diseased mice.

The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE), classically considered a mediator of acute and chronic inflammatory responses, has recently been implicated by genetic knockout studies as a regulator of skeletal muscle physiology during development and following acute injury. Yet, the role of its soluble isoform, soluble RAGE (sRAGE), in muscle regeneration remains relatively unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) mediated and genetic knockin supplementation strategies were developed to specifically assess the effects of changing levels of sRAGE on muscle regeneration.

A Sequential Mixed-Methods Study of Factors Associated with Low High-Resolution Anoscopy Completion in Transgender Women with Abnormal Anal Cytology.

In a cohort of transgender women (TGW) with abnormal anal cytology (AAC) in Washington, DC, we determined the rates of and factors associated with completion of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA). This mixed-methods study used a sequential study design. In an academic-community clinic, we recruited TGW who provided blood samples, anal swabs for anal cytology, and completed surveys.

Eye metrics are a marker of visual conscious awareness and neural processing in cerebral blindness.

Damage to the primary visual pathway can cause vision loss. Some cerebrally blind people retain degraded vision or sensations and can perform visually guided behaviors. These cases motivate investigation and debate on blind field conscious awareness and linked residual neural processing.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in category-selectivity in visual cortex following pediatric cortical resection.

The topographic organization of category-selective responses in human ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC) and its relationship to regions subserving language functions is remarkably uniform across individuals. This arrangement is thought to result from the clustering of neurons responding to similar inputs, constrained by intrinsic architecture and tuned by experience. We examined the malleability of this organization in individuals with unilateral resection of VOTC during childhood for the management of drug-resistant epilepsy.

Limitations in Achieving Glycemic Targets From CGM Data and Persistence of Severe Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Regardless of Insulin Delivery Method.

Objective: We captured continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics from a large online survey of adults with type 1 diabetes to determine how glycemic outcomes varied by insulin delivery form.

Research Design And Methods: Adults with type 1 diabetes from the T1D Exchange Registry/online communities completed the survey and contributed retrospective CGM data for up to 1 year. Self-reported glycemic outcomes and CGM measures were described overall and by insulin delivery method.

High Rates of High-risk HPV Anal Infection and Abnormal Cytology in a Cohort of Transgender People Assigned Male at Birth.

Background: Transgender people assigned male at birth (TG-AMAB) have higher rates of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and anal cancer compared with cisgender populations. In a cohort of TG-AMAB in Washington DC, we determined the prevalence and epidemiological factors associated with anal high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and cytological abnormalities.

Methods: In an urban academic-community clinic, we recruited adults identifying as a gender different than their sex assigned at birth.

Racism, not race: Quantitative analysis of the use of race and racism in the addiction literature.

Rationale: Prior research has demonstrated that medical journals rarely mention racism, potentially contributing to an incorrect understanding of and inappropriate interventions for health inequities affecting Black and Brown communities in the US. While this infrequency of mentions of racism has been documented in the general medical literature, it is unknown if this pattern extends to the addiction literature, where some have argued that structural racism has played a specific role in shaping policy and treatment.

Objective: To assess how frequently the addiction literature for the last 30 years has mentioned race and racism and if these rates vary with social movements.

Severe Hypoglycemia and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia Persist in People With Type 1 Diabetes Despite Use of Diabetes Technology: Results From a Cross-sectional Survey.

Objective: To determine how diabetes technologies, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery (AID) systems, impact glycemic metrics, prevalence of severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs), and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) in people with type 1 diabetes in a real-world setting within the U.S.

Research Design And Methods: In this retrospective, observational study with cross-sectional elements, participants aged ≥18 years were enrolled from the T1D Exchange Registry/online community.

Holistic processing and face expertise after pediatric resection of occipitotemporal cortex.

The nature and extent of hemispheric lateralization and its potential for reorganization continues to be debated, although there is general agreement that there is a right hemisphere (RH) advantage for face processing in human adults. Here, we examined face processing and its lateralization in individuals with a single preserved occipitotemporal cortex (OTC), either in the RH or left hemisphere (LH), following early childhood resection for the management of drug-resistant epilepsy. The matched controls and those with a lesion outside of OTC evinced the standard superiority in processing upright over inverted faces and the reverse sensitivity to a nonface category (bicycles).

Emotion and anxiety interact to bias spatial attention.

Emotional expressions are an evolutionarily conserved means of social communication essential for social interactions. It is important to understand how anxious individuals perceive their social environments, including emotional expressions, especially with the rising prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Anxiety is often associated with an attentional bias for threat-related stimuli, such as angry faces.

Corticostriatal connectivity mediates the reciprocal relationship between parent-reported sleep duration and impulsivity in early adolescents.

Background: Adolescence, a developmental period characterized by significant changes in sleep, is associated with normative increases in impulsivity. While short sleep duration has been linked to elevated impulsivity, the neural mechanism underlying the relationship between short sleep duration and elevated impulsivity remains poorly understood.

Methods: We analyzed a dataset of 7,884 drug-naive 9-10 year-olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S: Results of a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled COVID-19 vaccine trial in Japan.

Background: This study evaluated safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of a 2-month homologous booster regimen of Ad26.COV2.S in Japanese adults.

Application of traditional Chinese medicine as skin depigmentation agents.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been frequently used as skin lightning agents. However, the mechanism of action of their effect is unclear. The present study aims to evaluate anti-tyrosinase activity of 10 commonly used TCM on mushroom (), human () and mouse melanoma B16F0 () tyrosinase (TYR) respectively.

The mechanisms supporting holistic perception of words and faces are not independent.

The question of whether word and face recognition rely on overlapping or dissociable neural and cognitive mechanisms received considerable attention in the literature. In the present work, we presented words (aligned or misaligned) superimposed on faces (aligned or misaligned) and tested the interference from the unattended stimulus category on holistic processing of the attended category. In Experiment 1, we found that holistic face processing is reduced when a face was overlaid with an unattended, aligned word (processed holistically).

Layer-specific, retinotopically-diffuse modulation in human visual cortex in response to viewing emotionally expressive faces.

Viewing faces that are perceived as emotionally expressive evokes enhanced neural responses in multiple brain regions, a phenomenon thought to depend critically on the amygdala. This emotion-related modulation is evident even in primary visual cortex (V1), providing a potential neural substrate by which emotionally salient stimuli can affect perception. How does emotional valence information, computed in the amygdala, reach V1? Here we use high-resolution functional MRI to investigate the layer profile and retinotopic distribution of neural activity specific to emotional facial expressions.

Race, Concern About COVID-19 Discrimination, and Cigarette Smoking Behavior: Comparison Between US Asian and White Adults Who Use Commercial Tobacco.

Anti-Asian discrimination incidents in the USA have resurged during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear how concern about being discriminatorily treated due to the COVID-19 pandemic varies between Asian and Asian American (A&AsA) and White adults. We examined A&AsA vs.

Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva via Cas13.

Rapid nucleic acid testing is central to infectious disease surveillance. Here, we report an assay for rapid COVID-19 testing and its implementation in a prototype microfluidic device. The assay, which we named DISCoVER (for diagnostics with coronavirus enzymatic reporting), involves extraction-free sample lysis via shelf-stable and low-cost reagents, multiplexed isothermal RNA amplification followed by T7 transcription, and Cas13-mediated cleavage of a quenched fluorophore.

Functional connectome mediates the association between sleep disturbance and mental health in preadolescence: A longitudinal mediation study.

Sleep disturbance is known to be associated with various mental disorders and often precedes the onset of mental disorders in youth. Given the increasingly acknowledged bidirectional influence between sleep disturbance and mental disorders, we aim to identify a shared neural mechanism that underlies sleep disturbance and mental disorders in preadolescents. We analyzed a dataset of 9,350 9-10 year-old children, among whom 8,845 had 1-year follow-up data, from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Accelerated RNA detection using tandem CRISPR nucleases.

Direct, amplification-free detection of RNA has the potential to transform molecular diagnostics by enabling simple on-site analysis of human or environmental samples. CRISPR-Cas nucleases offer programmable RNA-guided RNA recognition that triggers cleavage and release of a fluorescent reporter molecule, but long reaction times hamper their detection sensitivity and speed. Here, we show that unrelated CRISPR nucleases can be deployed in tandem to provide both direct RNA sensing and rapid signal generation, thus enabling robust detection of ~30 molecules per µl of RNA in 20 min.

Topographical and laminar distribution of audiovisual processing within human planum temporale.

The brain is capable of integrating signals from multiple sensory modalities. Such multisensory integration can occur in areas that are commonly considered unisensory, such as planum temporale (PT) representing the auditory association cortex. However, the roles of different afferents (feedforward vs.