4,4'-Thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol), an antioxidant in medical devices that may cause allergic contact dermatitis.

Background: Antioxidants in medical devices, added to protect polymers or adhesives, may also cause contact dermatitis in some individuals.

Objectives: To present data on sensitization to 4,4'-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol), an antioxidant detected in some types of medical devices, for six patients that experienced eczematous reactions to different medical devices.

Methods: Patch testing with 4,4'-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol), 1% pet was performed.

Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Cement Samples From Countries Within and Outside the EU: A Study From the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is often severe and difficult to treat. The content of Cr(VI) in cement can be reduced by, for example, addition of iron(II) sulfate. Since 2005 the content of Cr(VI) in cement is regulated in the EU Directive 2003/53/EC and must not exceed 2 ppm.

Epoxy allergy, investigation of a modern industry.

Background: Five workers from an industry manufacturing various articles from carbon fibre reinforced epoxy plastics were referred to our department because of suspected occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD). When patch tested, four of them had positive reactions to components of epoxy resin systems (ERSs) that could explain their current skin problems. All of them had been working at the same workstation at a specially designed pressing machine, with operations including manually mixing epoxy resin with hardener.

Contact allergy to oxidized linalool and oxidized limonene: Patch testing in consecutive patients with dermatitis.

Background: Contact allergy to oxidized (ox.) linalool and ox. limonene has been reported to have a high prevalence, raising the question of inclusion into the baseline series.

Further Evidence of Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by 2,2'-Methylenebis(6- tert -Butyl-4-Methylphenol) Monoacrylate, a New Sensitizer in the Dexcom G6 Glucose Sensor.

Background: Since the spring of 2020, we have seen several patients experiencing severe allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from the Dexcom G6 glucose sensor after the composition of the sensor's adhesive patch had been changed. We have previously reported the finding of a new sensitizer, 2,2'-methylenebis(6- tert -butyl-4-methylphenol) monoacrylate, in the Dexcom G6 adhesive patch. Three patients with ACD from Dexcom G6 tested positive to this sensitizer.

Changes in adhesive ingredients in continuous glucose monitoring systems may induce new contact allergy pattern.

Background: Medical devices (MD) in close skin-contact for a prolonged time, such as glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, are a risk factor for contact allergy, and there has been an increase in patients using these. Correct diagnosis demands targetted testing.

Objectives: We report a new allergen in a continuous CGM system in which the adhesive was changed.

Can the Reactivity to Chromate Be Changed in Patch Testing Using a Barrier Cream?

Background: The persistent, difficult-to-treat, allergic contact dermatitis from hexavalent chromium in European construction workers has diminished significantly since the legislative measurements that came into force in January 2005. However, sensitization to hexavalent chromium continues to be a problem. Barrier creams have been tried for various allergens with divergent results.

Contact allergy to polyhexamethylene biguanide (polyaminopropyl biguanide).

Background: Polyaminopropyl biguanide (INCI name) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) are polymeric biguanides. PHMB is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance used as a preservative in many products. Due to our limited knowledge on PHMB contact allergy frequency and the fact that cases of allergic contact dermatitis to PHMB might be missed, we have included PHMB as a screening allergen since 2016.

Can reducing cosmetic substances help prevent chromate contact allergy?

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis caused by Cr(VI) is often severe and difficult to treat. Therefore, primary prevention is a main goal but, secondary prevention can be valuable to ease the symptoms or prevent relapse of Cr(VI) dermatitis when sensitization has occurred. Barrier creams have been tried for many chemical substances, but until now there is no successful barrier cream against Cr(VI).

Skin application of glutathione and iron sulfate can inhibit elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis from hexavalent chromium.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is often severe and difficult to treat. The most common source of exposure to Cr(VI) in Sweden used to be cement, and more recently leather. The contact allergy can be diminished or inhibited if the exposure is decreased or ceases.

A retrospective investigation of hexavalent chromium allergy in southern Sweden.

Background: Historically, allergic contact dermatitis caused by hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in cement was the most common cause of invalidity attributable to skin disease in Sweden. Since the legislation to reduce Cr(VI) in cement was introduced in 1989, we rarely see allergic contact dermatitis caused by cement.

Objectives: To examine the frequency of contact allergy to Cr(VI) in southern Sweden in 2005-2014.