PSA response to antiandrogen withdrawal: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Antiandrogen withdrawal (AAW) response is the paradoxical decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) following the withdrawal of antiandrogen in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Currently, the reported literature on the proportion of patients exhibiting AAW response and the differences in PSA response between the types of antiandrogens is unclear.

Methods: This review aimed to explore the PSA response to AAW and to identify if the response depends on the type of antiandrogens.

Localised prostate cancer in elderly men aged 80-89 years, findings from a population-based registry.

Objectives: To investigate the rate of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and disease characteristics in patients diagnosed with localised prostate cancer at age 80-89 years in comparison with men diagnosed at age 70-79 years.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective study of data from the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative (SA-PCCOC). Included were men diagnosed between 2005 and 2014, aged ≥70 years with no evidence of metastatic disease at presentation.

Prostate cancer outcomes and delays in care.

Objectives: To examine the survival effect of treatment delays from the time of confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer to first treatment in an Australian population.

Methods: Three thousand one hundred and forty patients were identified from the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative database for analysis. Selected patients had dates recorded for both diagnosis and treatment.

Stromal androgen receptor regulates the composition of the microenvironment to influence prostate cancer outcome.

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling in stromal cells is important in prostate cancer, yet the mechanisms underpinning stromal AR contribution to disease development and progression remain unclear. Using patient-matched benign and malignant prostate samples, we show a significant association between low AR levels in cancer associated stroma and increased prostate cancer-related death at one, three and five years post-diganosis, and in tissue recombination models with primary prostate cancer cells that low stromal AR decreases castration-induced apoptosis. AR-regulation was found to be different in primary human fibroblasts isolated from adjacent to cancerous and non-cancerous prostate epithelia, and to represent altered activation of myofibroblast pathways involved in cell cycle, adhesion, migration, and the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) rate of decline post external beam radiotherapy predicts prostate cancer death.

Background And Purpose: To assess the association between PSA velocity (PSAV) in the first 24 months after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and all cause mortality.

Materials And Methods: All eligible patients in the South Australian (SA) Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes registry were followed. 848 Patients treated by definitive EBRT with more than one PSA recorded in the two year post-treatment were included.

Comparative analysis of three risk assessment tools in Australian patients with prostate cancer.

Unlabelled: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Prognostic tools, such as the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score and the 1998 Kattan and 2006 Stephenson nomograms, predicting biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy are widely used for treatment decision making and counselling patients. However, tools derived in certain cohorts tend to perform less well when they are applied to populations that are dissimilar in terms of population or disease characteristics, health systems or treatment practices. Some of the loss in accuracy of a prognostic tool is a consequence of unknown factors and hence the performance of a tool when applied to a different population is unknown and largely unpredictable.

Abnormal PSA tests--delays in referral.

Background: The main benefit of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing is to help detect prostate cancer at an early, curable stage. Delays between the first abnormal PSA test and biopsy can undermine that benefit, but have not yet been studied. We investigated delays before biopsy together with associated PSA increases as an indicator of disease progression.