Head Motion in Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Quantification, Mitigation, and Structural Associations in Large, Cross-Sectional Datasets Across the Lifespan.

Head motion during diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can cause numerous artifacts and biases subsequent quantification. However, a thorough characterization of motion across multiple scans, cohorts, and consortiums has not been performed. To address this, we designed a study with three aims.

Identifying representative sequences of protein families using submodular optimization.

Identifying representative sequences for groups of functionally similar proteins and enzymes poses significant computational challenges. In this study, we applied submodular optimization, a method effective in data summarization, to select representative sequences for thioesterase enzyme families. We introduced and validated two algorithms, Greedy and Bidirectional Greedy, using curated protein sequence data from the ThYme (Thioester-active enzYmes) database.

A Review of a Breakdown in the Barrier: Tight Junction Dysfunction in Dental Diseases.

The tight junction (TJ), a type of cell-cell junction, regulates the permeability of solutes across epithelial and endothelial cellular sheets and is believed to maintain cell polarity. However, recent studies have provided conflicting views on the roles of TJs in epithelial polarity. Membrane proteins, including occludin, claudin, and the junction adhesion molecule, have been identified as TJ components.

Detection of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes by cystatin C-based equations.

Background: Aging population is a significant issue in Viet Nam and across the globe. Elderly individuals are at higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those with diabetes. Several studies found that the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) determined using creatinine-based equations was not as accurate as that determined using cystatin C-based equations.

Exploring trust dynamics in health information systems: the impact of patients' health conditions on information source preferences.

Introduction: Health information systems (HISs) should provide accessible and high-quality information to patients. However, the challenge lies in understanding patients' trust preferences for health information. This study explores how different information sources (e.

Homologation of Alkenyl Carbonyls via a Cyclopropanation/Light-Mediated Selective C-C Cleavage Strategy.

We report herein our studies on the direct photoactivation of carbonyl cyclopropanes to give biradical intermediates, leading to selective cleavage of the more substituted carbon-carbon bond. Depending on the substrate structure, extended alkenes were isolated or directly reacted in a photo-Nazarov process to give bicyclic products. Based on these results, a unified reductive ring-opening reaction was developed by using diphenyl disulfide as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reagent.

Current approaches and outstanding challenges of functional annotation of metabolites: a comprehensive review.

Metabolite profiling is a powerful approach for the clinical diagnosis of complex diseases, ranging from cardiometabolic diseases, cancer, and cognitive disorders to respiratory pathologies and conditions that involve dysregulated metabolism. Because of the importance of systems-level interpretation, many methods have been developed to identify biologically significant pathways using metabolomics data. In this review, we first describe a complete metabolomics workflow (sample preparation, data acquisition, pre-processing, downstream analysis, etc.

Superhydrophobic Array Devices for the Enhanced Formation of 3D Cancer Models.

During the metastatic cascade, cancer cells travel through the bloodstream as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to a secondary site. Clustered CTCs have greater shear stress and treatment resistance, yet their biology remains poorly understood. We therefore engineered a tunable superhydrophobic array device (SHArD).

CCPA: cloud-based, self-learning modules for consensus pathway analysis using GO, KEGG and Reactome.

This manuscript describes the development of a resource module that is part of a learning platform named 'NIGMS Sandbox for Cloud-based Learning' (https://github.com/NIGMS/NIGMS-Sandbox). The module delivers learning materials on Cloud-based Consensus Pathway Analysis in an interactive format that uses appropriate cloud resources for data access and analyses.

Comparison of the Snare Loop Technique and the Hungaroring Reinforcement for Physician-Modified Endograft Fenestrations-An In Vitro Study.

Background: We conducted an in vitro comparison of the snare loop reinforcement against a closed-loop reinforcement (Hungaroring) for physician-modified endograft (PMEG) fenestrations regarding preparation time and stability during flaring balloon dilatation.

Materials And Methods: The time to complete a PMEG fenestration with reinforcement was measured and compared between the Hungaroring and snare loop groups. The number of stitches was counted.

Complications Rate and Related Factors After Laparoscopic Sphincter-Preserving Total Mesorectal Excision for Low Rectal Cancer: A Single-Center Study in Vietnam.

Background: Colorectal cancer is a significant health concern. Surgery remains a critical component of the multimodal treatment strategy. The laparoscopic sphincter-preserving total mesorectal excision (TME) is increasingly utilized and effective, offering enhanced quality of life for patients compared to previous traditional methods.

RCPA: An Open-Source R Package for Data Processing, Differential Analysis, Consensus Pathway Analysis, and Visualization.

Identifying impacted pathways is important because it provides insights into the biology underlying conditions beyond the detection of differentially expressed genes. Because of the importance of such analysis, more than 100 pathway analysis methods have been developed thus far. Despite the availability of many methods, it is challenging for biomedical researchers to learn and properly perform pathway analysis.

Fourteen years of cellular deconvolution: methodology, applications, technical evaluation and outstanding challenges.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is a recent technology that allows for the measurement of the expression of all genes in each individual cell contained in a sample. Information at the single-cell level has been shown to be extremely useful in many areas. However, performing single-cell experiments is expensive.

Changing global epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C virus-related outcomes from 2010 to 2019: cirrhosis is the growing burden of hepatitis C virus-related disease.

Background: Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a long-term impact on hepatic consequences. A comprehensive evaluation of the global burden of HCV-related health outcomes can help to develop a global HCV prevention and treatment program.

Methods: We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to comprehensively investigate burden and temporal trends in incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of HCV-related diseases, including liver cancer and cirrhosis and other liver diseases across 264 countries and territories from 2010 to 2019.

Field-programmable gate array-based residual amplitude modulation suppression and control for compact atomic clocks.

We designed a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) fabric to provide phase modulation techniques to lock lasers to optical frequency references. The method incorporates an active residual amplitude modulation (RAM) suppression scheme that relies on complex modulation. All the required servos to construct an optical atomic clock are incorporated into the same low-cost, commercial FPGA chip.

Major Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) and Quality of Life in Patients With Low Rectal Cancer: A Preoperative Survey Using LARS Score and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer's 30-Item Core Quality of Life Questionnaire.

Background Rectal resection with total mesorectal excision is a difficult surgery with potential risks of complications. This study aims to assess the quality of life (QoL) of patients with low rectal cancer who have bowel function disorders equivalent to major low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) and its risk factors before treatment. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 83 patients diagnosed with low rectal cancer who had not been treated.

Photocatalyzed [2σ + 2σ] and [2σ + 2π] Cycloadditions for the Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes and 5- or 6-Membered Carbocycles.

We report the use of photocatalysis for the homolytic ring-opening of carbonyl cyclopropanes. In contrast to previous studies, our approach does not require a metal cocatalyst or a strong reductant. The carbonyl cyclopropanes can be employed for both [2σ + 2σ] and [2σ + 2π] annulation with either alkenes/alkynes or bicyclo[1.

A novel approach for predicting upstream regulators (PURE) that affect gene expression.

External factors such as exposure to a chemical, drug, or toxicant (CDT), or conversely, the lack of certain chemicals can cause many diseases. The ability to identify such causal CDTs based on changes in the gene expression profile is extremely important in many studies. Furthermore, the ability to correctly infer CDTs that can revert the gene expression changes induced by a given disease phenotype is a crucial step in drug repurposing.

Genetic characterization of canine astrovirus in non-diarrhea dogs and diarrhea dogs in Vietnam and Thailand reveals the presence of a unique lineage.

The role of canine astrovirus (CaAstV) in canine gastrointestinal disease (GID) is unknown. In this study, a total of 327 fecal swab (FS) samples were collected, including 113 FSs in Vietnam (46 samples from healthy dogs and 67 samples from GID dogs) and 214 FSs in Thailand (107 samples from healthy dogs and 107 samples from GID dogs). Overall, the prevalence of CaAstV in Vietnam and Thailand was 25.

Serum Periostin Levels in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients: a 3-month Follow-up Study.

Background: Heart attack, acute myocardial infarction, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries and are rapidly pandemic in developing and underdeveloped countries. Periostin concentration increases in the blood of patients after acute myocardial infarction and affects the process of cardiac remodeling leading to myocardial fibrosis.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between serum periostin levels and cardiac function and acute myocardial infarction patients' short-term prognosis (three months after onset).