In vitro efficacy of a 0.2% polyhexamethylene biguanide-impregnated gauze dressing against pathogenic bacterial isolates found in horses.

Objective: To determine the ability of 0.2% polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)-impregnated gauze to inhibit the growth of bacteria isolated from equine infected sites.

Study Design: In vitro study.

The efficacy of core decompression for steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits.

Although core decompression (CD) is often performed in the early stage of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), the procedure does not always prevent subsequent deterioration and the effects of CD are not fully clarified. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of CD for steroid-associated ONFH in rabbits. Twelve male and 12 female New Zealand rabbits were injected intramuscularly 20 mg/kg of methylprednisolone once and were divided into the disease control and CD groups.

Safety of Releasing the Volar Capsule During Open Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures: An Analysis of the Extrinsic Radiocarpal Ligaments' Contribution to Radiocarpal Stability.

Purpose: The contribution of the extrinsic radiocarpal ligaments to carpal stability continues to be studied. Clinically, there is a concern for carpal instability from release of the volar extrinsic ligaments during volar plating of distal radius fractures in which the integrity of the dorsal ligaments may be unknown. The primary hypothesis of this study was that serial sectioning of radiocarpal ligaments would lead to progressive ulnar translation of the carpus.

Rotational Stability of Scaphoid Waist Nonunion Bone Graft and Fixation Techniques.

Purpose: Rotational instability of scaphoid fracture nonunions can lead to persistent nonunion. We hypothesized that a hybrid Russe technique would provide improved rotational stability compared with an instrumented corticocancellous wedge graft in a cadaver model of scaphoid nonunion.

Methods: A volar wedge osteotomy was created at the scaphoid waist in 16 scaphoids from matched-pair specimens.

Drilling Energy Correlates With Screw Insertion Torque, Screw Compression, and Pullout Strength: A Cadaver Study.

Introduction: To determine whether drilling energy correlates with bone mineral density (BMD), maximum insertion torque (MIT), maximum screw compression, and pullout strength (POS).

Methods: Ten cadaver tibias were used for testing. Unicortical pilot holes were drilled and the drilling energy measured.

Contributions of the Capsule and Labrum to Hip Mechanics in the Context of Hip Microinstability.

Background: Hip microinstability and labral pathology are commonly treated conditions with increasing research emphasis. To date, there is limited understanding of the biomechanical effects of the hip capsule and labrum on controlling femoral head motion.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the relative role of anterior capsular laxity and labral insufficiency in atraumatic hip microinstability.

The Effect of Oral Contraceptive Hormones on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strength.

Background: Women are 2 to 9 times more likely to experience an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than men. Various hormones including relaxin, progesterone, and estrogen influence ACL strength. Oral contraceptives (OCs) alter these hormone levels; however, studies have yet to comprehensively compare different OCs' effects on the ACL.

Biomechanical comparison of bone-screw-fasteners versus traditional locked screws in plating female geriatric bone.

Objectives: To biomechanically compare plated constructs using nonlocking bone-screw-fasteners with interlocking threads versus locking screws with traditional buttress threads in geriatric female bone.

Methods: Eleven matched pairs of proximal and distal segments of geriatric female cadaveric tibias were used to create a diaphyseal fracture model. Nonlocking bone-screw-fasteners or locking buttress threaded screws were applied to a locking compression plate on the anterolateral aspect of the tibia placed in bridge mode.

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets on Early Healing of the Achilles Tendon in Rats.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have potential to accelerate flexor tendon healing and allow for earlier rehabilitation. The ideal BMSC construct and delivery method to the repair site remains unknown. We investigated the efficacy of interposed scaffold-free BMSC sheets on early Achilles tendon healing in rats.

The effects of varenicline on lumbar spinal fusion in a rat model.

Background Context: Smoking is detrimental to obtaining a solid spinal fusion mass with previous studies demonstrating its association with pseudoarthrosis in patients undergoing spinal fusion. Varenicline is a pharmacologic adjunct used in smoking cessation which acts as a partial agonist of the same nicotinic receptors activated during tobacco use. However, no clinical or basic science studies to date have characterized if varenicline has negative effects on spinal fusion and bone healing by itself.

The Role of Anterior Capsular Laxity in Hip Microinstability: A Novel Biomechanical Model.

Background: Hip microinstability is an increasingly recognized source of hip pain and disability. Although the clinical entity has been well described, the pathomechanics of this disease remain poorly understood.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of capsular laxity in atraumatic hip microinstability.

The effects of a functionally-graded scaffold and bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells on steroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating disease that may progress to femoral head collapse and subsequently, degenerative arthritis. Although injection of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMCs) is often performed with core decompression (CD) in the early stage of ONFH, these treatments are not always effective in prevention of disease progression and femoral head collapse. We previously described a novel 3D printed, customized functionally-graded scaffold (FGS) that improved bone growth in the femoral head after CD in a normal healthy rabbit, by providing structural and mechanical guidance.