Bio-optical inversion scheme based on the radiative transfer equation.

An inversion algorithm based on a forward optical model based on a radiative transfer equation is developed in terms of IOPs with explicit inclusion of the volume scattering function (VSF). Key results from the analysis are: 1) the inversion retrievals perform to comparable levels as the operational configuration of the NASA's Generalized Inherent Optical Property (GIOP) framework; 2) closure error between RT r and measured r have no significant effect on predicting the accuracy of the derived IOPs; and 3) $\tilde {b}_{bp}$ is important to ZTT, but not explicitly included in other types of comparable semi-analytic algorithms.

Improvement in diagnostic and therapeutic arthrocentesis via constant compression.

We hypothesized that constant compression of the knee would mobilize residual synovial fluid and promote successful arthrocentesis. Two hundred and ten knees with grade II-III osteoarthritis were included in this paired design study: (1) conventional arthrocentesis was performed with manual compression and success and volume (milliliters) determined; and (2) the intra-articular needle was left in place, and a circumferential elastomeric brace was tightened on the knee to provide constant compression. Arthrocentesis was attempted again and additional fluid volume was determined.

An optical water type framework for selecting and blending retrievals from bio-optical algorithms in lakes and coastal waters.

Bio-optical models are based on relationships between the spectral remote sensing reflectance and optical properties of in-water constituents. The wavelength range where this information can be exploited changes depending on the water characteristics. In low chlorophyll- waters, the blue/green region of the spectrum is more sensitive to changes in chlorophyll- concentration, whereas the red/NIR region becomes more important in turbid and/or eutrophic waters.

Generalized ocean color inversion model for retrieving marine inherent optical properties.

Ocean color measured from satellites provides daily, global estimates of marine inherent optical properties (IOPs). Semi-analytical algorithms (SAAs) provide one mechanism for inverting the color of the water observed by the satellite into IOPs. While numerous SAAs exist, most are similarly constructed and few are appropriately parameterized for all water masses for all seasons.

Ultrastructural features of NUT midline carcinoma.

Midline carcinomas associated with the nuclear protein in testis (NUT) gene rearrangement are rare, aggressive tumors that have been diagnosed most commonly in the head, neck, mediastinum, and upper aerodigestive tract. The ultrastructural features associated with this tumor have thus far received only brief comment and have never been illustrated. The authors provide a more extensive description and illustrate the electron microscopic findings in a typical case of NUT midline carcinoma, confirmed by cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies.