Visit-to-visit HbA1c variability and risk of potentially avoidable hospitalisations in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving outpatient care at a tertiary hospital.

Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between long-term visit-to-visit within-person HbA1c variability and hospitalisation outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We conducted a cohort study at a tertiary hospital in Singapore involving people aged 21 to 101 years with T2D who had ≥3 HbA1c tests over 2 years. HbA1c variability was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV), variability independent of the mean (VIM) and HbA1c variability score (HVS).

Non-Islet-Cell Tumor Hypoglycemia Secondary to Malignant Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast.

Background/objective: Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) is an uncommon condition, of which only a few cases caused by malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast have been reported. We describe a case of NICTH secondary to malignant phyllodes tumor with good response to glucocorticoid therapy.

Case Report: A 62-year-old woman with a rapidly enlarging left breast mass presented with drowsiness and a capillary blood glucose level of 32.

Glycated haemoglobin trajectories and one-year risk of potentially avoidable hospitalisations among adult patients with type 2 diabetes from specialist outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital: A cohort study.

Aim: To evaluate the association between trajectories of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and potentially avoidable hospitalisations (PAH).

Methods: We performed a cohort study in a tertiary hospital in Singapore among adult type 2 diabetes patients with ≥ 3 HbA1c tests over two years. Then, we followed up for one year after the last HbA1c reading to determine the PAH outcome.

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination and Graves' Disease: A Report of 12 Cases and Review of the Literature.

Context And Objective: Thyroid autoimmunity has been reported to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination recently. We report a series of patients who presented with new onset or relapse of Graves' disease-related hyperthyroidism shortly after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine at a single tertiary institution in Singapore.

Methods And Results: We describe 12 patients who developed hyperthyroidism within a relatively short interval (median onset, 17 [range, 5-63] days) after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine.

Metabolic effects of brown fat in transitioning from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism.

Objective: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) controls metabolic rate through thermogenesis. As its regulatory factors during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism are not well established, our study investigated the relationships between supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (sBAT) activity and physiological/metabolic changes with changes in thyroid status.

Design: Participants with newly diagnosed Graves' disease were recruited.

Adefovir-induced Fanconi syndrome: diagnostic pearls and perils of late or missed diagnosis.

Low-dose adefovir therapy has been increasingly recognised as a cause of Fanconi syndrome. Being relatively novel, early diagnosis is both fraught with difficulty and yet of paramount importance given its far-reaching consequences, many of which are amenable to treatment. We discuss a patient who presented with hypokalemia and other electrolyte abnormalities suggestive of Fanconi syndrome whilst on adefovir for hepatitis B.