The Effects of Eliminating Idiomatic American English From High-Stakes Nursing Examinations.

Background: In the United States, English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) health care providers are important to the nursing workforce but often face challenges when taking the NCLEX-RN examination. This study evaluated the effects of removing slang and words with multiple meanings from high-stakes examination questions.

Method: This study used a quantitative, experimental posttest-only control group design and included a convenience sample of 169 nursing students from a college in southern Florida.

Pharmacokinetics of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) Delivered by Expeditious Routes in a Swine Model of Polytrauma and Hemorrhagic Shock.

Objective: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in civilian trauma centers and on the battlefield. One of the emerging treatment options for hemorrhage in austere environments is tranexamic acid (TXA). However, the landscape is not amenable to the current delivery standard.

Lacustrine sedimentation by powerful storm waves in Gale crater and its implications for a warming episode on Mars.

This investigation documents that the Rugged Terrain Unit, the Stimson formation, and the Greenheugh sandstone were deposited in a 1200 m-deep lake that formed after the emergence of Mt. Sharp in Gale crater, Mars, nearly 4 billion years ago. In fact, the Curiosity rover traversed on a surface that once was the bottom of this lake and systematically examined the strata that were deposited in its deepest waters on the crater floor to layers that formed along its shoreline on Mt.

Tailoring On-Surface Molecular Reactions and Assembly through Hydrogen-Modified Synthesis: From Triarylamine Monomer to 2D Covalent Organic Framework.

Relative to conventional wet-chemical synthesis techniques, on-surface synthesis of organic networks in ultrahigh vacuum has few control parameters. The molecular deposition rate and substrate temperature are typically the only synthesis variables to be adjusted dynamically. Here we demonstrate that reducing conditions in the vacuum environment can be created and controlled without dedicated sources─relying only on backfilled hydrogen gas and ion gauge filaments─and can dramatically influence the Ullmann-like on-surface reaction used for synthesizing two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs).

Publication bias impacts on effect size, statistical power, and magnitude (Type M) and sign (Type S) errors in ecology and evolutionary biology.

Collaborative efforts to directly replicate empirical studies in the medical and social sciences have revealed alarmingly low rates of replicability, a phenomenon dubbed the 'replication crisis'. Poor replicability has spurred cultural changes targeted at improving reliability in these disciplines. Given the absence of equivalent replication projects in ecology and evolutionary biology, two inter-related indicators offer the opportunity to retrospectively assess replicability: publication bias and statistical power.

Predicting reliability through structured expert elicitation with the repliCATS (Collaborative Assessments for Trustworthy Science) process.

As replications of individual studies are resource intensive, techniques for predicting the replicability are required. We introduce the repliCATS (Collaborative Assessments for Trustworthy Science) process, a new method for eliciting expert predictions about the replicability of research. This process is a structured expert elicitation approach based on a modified Delphi technique applied to the evaluation of research claims in social and behavioural sciences.

Challenges and Experiences of Managed Aquifer Recharge in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area.

The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is a significant and important urban center in North America, covering an area of approximately 9500 km with a population of almost 23 million, yet the water supply remains unsustainable. The total water demand in the MCMA is 84 m /s and is provided by groundwater (63% or 53 m /s), imported water (27% or 23 m /s) and recycled water (10% or 8 m /s). The natural recharge of the MCMA aquifer is approximately 23 m /s, indicating an overexploitation of groundwater resources of approximately 25 m /s (800 Mm annually), a reasonable future goal for recharge in the MCMA.

Applied Geophysics for Managed Aquifer Recharge.

Increasing water stress and decreasing supplies caused by growth and climate variability have expanded demand for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects to provide water supply resilience. Some of the most important factors in determining the performance of a MAR project include site selection, subsurface hydrogeologic characteristics and associated properties of the storage zone. Costs for invasive subsurface investigations to address these factors have slowly increased over the past two decades, with drilling costs increasing dramatically by as much as 30% or more since COVID-19 hit, a result of supply chain issues, steel prices, and manpower challenges.

Patient Perceptions of Drive-through Medical Treatment Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: The cumulative burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the United States' healthcare system is substantial. To help mitigate this burden, novel solutions including telehealth and dedicated screening facilities have been used. However, there is limited data on the efficacy of such models and none assessing patient comfort levels with these changes in healthcare delivery.

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in ecology and evolutionary biology: a PRISMA extension.

Since the early 1990s, ecologists and evolutionary biologists have aggregated primary research using meta-analytic methods to understand ecological and evolutionary phenomena. Meta-analyses can resolve long-standing disputes, dispel spurious claims, and generate new research questions. At their worst, however, meta-analysis publications are wolves in sheep's clothing: subjective with biased conclusions, hidden under coats of objective authority.

Towards open, reliable, and transparent ecology and evolutionary biology.

Unreliable research programmes waste funds, time, and even the lives of the organisms we seek to help and understand. Reducing this waste and increasing the value of scientific evidence require changing the actions of both individual researchers and the institutions they depend on for employment and promotion. While ecologists and evolutionary biologists have somewhat improved research transparency over the past decade (e.

The role of replication studies in ecology.

Recent large-scale projects in other disciplines have shown that results often fail to replicate when studies are repeated. The conditions contributing to this problem are also present in ecology, but there have not been any equivalent replication projects. Here, we survey ecologists' understanding of and opinions about replication studies.

A Case of Central Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a Young Woman.

Altered mental status is a common symptom in emergency department evaluations and may be present in as many as four to ten percent of patients.1 The etiology can be difficult to determine without significant evidence from laboratory, radiographic and physical examination. The diagnostic approach is largely driven by the provider's clinical judgment based on the available history.

Empowering peer reviewers with a checklist to improve transparency.

Peer review is widely considered fundamental to maintaining the rigour of science, but it often fails to ensure transparency and reduce bias in published papers, and this systematically weakens the quality of published inferences. In part, this is because many reviewers are unaware of important questions to ask with respect to the soundness of the design and analyses, and the presentation of the methods and results; also some reviewers may expect others to be responsible for these tasks. We therefore present a reviewers' checklist of ten questions that address these critical components.

Nest size is predicted by female identity and the local environment in the blue tit (), but is not related to the nest size of the genetic or foster mother.

The potential for animals to respond to changing climates has sparked interest in intraspecific variation in avian nest structure since this may influence nest microclimate and protect eggs and offspring from inclement weather. However, there have been relatively few large-scale attempts to examine variation in nests or the determinates of individual variation in nest structure within populations. Using a set of mostly pre-registered analyses, we studied potential predictors of variation in the size of a large sample (803) of blue tit () nests across three breeding seasons at Wytham Woods, UK.

Recent Developments in C-H Activation for Materials Science in the Center for Selective C-H Activation.

: Organic electronics is a rapidly growing field driven in large part by the synthesis of ∏-conjugated molecules and polymers. Traditional aryl cross-coupling reactions such as the Stille and Suzuki have been used extensively in the synthesis of ∏-conjugated molecules and polymers, but the synthesis of intermediates necessary for traditional cross-couplings can include multiple steps with toxic and hazardous reagents. Direct arylation through C-H bond activation has the potential to reduce the number of steps and hazards while being more atom-economical.

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mast cameras and Descent imager: Investigation and instrument descriptions.

The Mars Science Laboratory Mast camera and Descent Imager investigations were designed, built, and operated by Malin Space Science Systems of San Diego, CA. They share common electronics and focal plane designs but have different optics. There are two Mastcams of dissimilar focal length.

Rapid, Low Temperature Formation of Imine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks Catalyzed by Metal Triflates.

Imine-linked two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are crystalline polymer networks with enhanced stability compared to boronate ester-linked systems and with broad monomer scope. They are traditionally prepared by condensing polyfunctional aldehydes and amines at elevated temperature in a mixture of organic solvents and aqueous CHCOH, which catalyzes imine formation and exchange. Here we employ metal triflates, which are water-tolerant Lewis acids, to accelerate 2D imine-linked COF synthesis and improve their materials quality.

The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene is not affected by low-oxygen conditions in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) juveniles.

Hypoxia can affect various fish populations, including yellow perch Perca flavescens, which is an economically and ecologically important species in Lake Erie, a freshwater system that often experiences hypoxia in the hypolimnetic part of the lake. Fish, similarly to mammals, possess molecular oxygen sensor-hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a transcription factor that can affect expression of many downstream genes related to animal growth and locomotion, protein synthesis, as well as ATP and amino acid metabolism. HIF-1 is a heterodimer, which consists of two subunits: oxygen-sensitive and oxygen-insensitive subunits, α and β, respectively.